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Modification of the drug resistance of emerging milk-borne pathogens through sodium alginate-based antibiotics and nanoparticles

Streptococcus agalactiae and Klebsiella pneumoniae are emerging as major milk-borne pathogens. Additionally, resistance to antibiotics of pathogens is of concern. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and drug resistance of S. agalactiae and K. pneumoniae in mastitis milk samples and ass...

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Autores principales: Manan, Abdul, Aqib, Amjad Islam, Shahbaz, Ansa, Khan, Shanza Rauf, Akram, Kashif, Majeed, Hamid, Muneer, Afshan, Murtaza, Maheen, Afrasiab, Muhammad, Merola, Carmine, Niaz, Kamal, Ahmad, Irfan, Saeed, Mohd
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10149700/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37138921
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1130130
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author Manan, Abdul
Aqib, Amjad Islam
Shahbaz, Ansa
Khan, Shanza Rauf
Akram, Kashif
Majeed, Hamid
Muneer, Afshan
Murtaza, Maheen
Afrasiab, Muhammad
Merola, Carmine
Niaz, Kamal
Ahmad, Irfan
Saeed, Mohd
author_facet Manan, Abdul
Aqib, Amjad Islam
Shahbaz, Ansa
Khan, Shanza Rauf
Akram, Kashif
Majeed, Hamid
Muneer, Afshan
Murtaza, Maheen
Afrasiab, Muhammad
Merola, Carmine
Niaz, Kamal
Ahmad, Irfan
Saeed, Mohd
author_sort Manan, Abdul
collection PubMed
description Streptococcus agalactiae and Klebsiella pneumoniae are emerging as major milk-borne pathogens. Additionally, resistance to antibiotics of pathogens is of concern. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and drug resistance of S. agalactiae and K. pneumoniae in mastitis milk samples and assessed the antimicrobial potential of sodium alginate (G)-stabilized MgO nanoparticles (M) and antibiotics (tylosin [T] and ampicillin [A]) against both of these pathogens. A total of n = 200 milk samples from cattle were collected using purposive sampling, and standard microbiological approaches were adopted to isolate target bacteria. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were used to analyze the obtained data. Four preparations, GT (gel-stabilized tylosin), GA (gel-stabilized ampicillin), GTM (tylosin and MgO nanoparticles stabilized in gel), and GAM (ampicillin and MgO nanoparticles stabilized in gel), were evaluated against both bacteria through well diffusion and broth microdilution method. The analysis revealed that 45.24% (95/210) of the milk samples were positive for mastitis, of which 11.58% (11/95) were positive for S. agalactiae and 9.47% (9/95) were positive for K. pneumoniae. S. agalactiae had a significantly higher zone of inhibition (ZOI) than K. pneumoniae against penicillin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin, whereas the opposite was observed against imipenem and erythromycin. All gel (G)-based preparations showed an increase in the percentage of ZOI compared with antibiotics alone, with GTM presenting the highest of all, i.e., 59.09 and 56.25% ZOI compared with tylosin alone against S. agalactiae and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Similarly, in a broth microdilution assay, the lowest MIC was found for K. pneumoniae (9.766 ± 0.0 μg/mL) against GTM, followed by GT, GAM, and GA after incubation for 24 h. A similar response was noted for preparations against S. agalactiae but with a comparatively higher MIC. A significant reduction in MIC with respect to incubation time was found at 8 h and remained until at 20 h against both pathogens. The cytotoxicity of the MgO nanoparticles used in this study was significantly lower than that of the positive control. Overall, this study found that K. pneumoniae and S. agalactiae appeared higher in prevalence and antimicrobial resistance, and sodium alginate-based antibiotics and MgO nanoparticles were effective alternative approaches for tackling antimicrobial resistance.
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spelling pubmed-101497002023-05-02 Modification of the drug resistance of emerging milk-borne pathogens through sodium alginate-based antibiotics and nanoparticles Manan, Abdul Aqib, Amjad Islam Shahbaz, Ansa Khan, Shanza Rauf Akram, Kashif Majeed, Hamid Muneer, Afshan Murtaza, Maheen Afrasiab, Muhammad Merola, Carmine Niaz, Kamal Ahmad, Irfan Saeed, Mohd Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Streptococcus agalactiae and Klebsiella pneumoniae are emerging as major milk-borne pathogens. Additionally, resistance to antibiotics of pathogens is of concern. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and drug resistance of S. agalactiae and K. pneumoniae in mastitis milk samples and assessed the antimicrobial potential of sodium alginate (G)-stabilized MgO nanoparticles (M) and antibiotics (tylosin [T] and ampicillin [A]) against both of these pathogens. A total of n = 200 milk samples from cattle were collected using purposive sampling, and standard microbiological approaches were adopted to isolate target bacteria. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were used to analyze the obtained data. Four preparations, GT (gel-stabilized tylosin), GA (gel-stabilized ampicillin), GTM (tylosin and MgO nanoparticles stabilized in gel), and GAM (ampicillin and MgO nanoparticles stabilized in gel), were evaluated against both bacteria through well diffusion and broth microdilution method. The analysis revealed that 45.24% (95/210) of the milk samples were positive for mastitis, of which 11.58% (11/95) were positive for S. agalactiae and 9.47% (9/95) were positive for K. pneumoniae. S. agalactiae had a significantly higher zone of inhibition (ZOI) than K. pneumoniae against penicillin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin, whereas the opposite was observed against imipenem and erythromycin. All gel (G)-based preparations showed an increase in the percentage of ZOI compared with antibiotics alone, with GTM presenting the highest of all, i.e., 59.09 and 56.25% ZOI compared with tylosin alone against S. agalactiae and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Similarly, in a broth microdilution assay, the lowest MIC was found for K. pneumoniae (9.766 ± 0.0 μg/mL) against GTM, followed by GT, GAM, and GA after incubation for 24 h. A similar response was noted for preparations against S. agalactiae but with a comparatively higher MIC. A significant reduction in MIC with respect to incubation time was found at 8 h and remained until at 20 h against both pathogens. The cytotoxicity of the MgO nanoparticles used in this study was significantly lower than that of the positive control. Overall, this study found that K. pneumoniae and S. agalactiae appeared higher in prevalence and antimicrobial resistance, and sodium alginate-based antibiotics and MgO nanoparticles were effective alternative approaches for tackling antimicrobial resistance. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-04-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10149700/ /pubmed/37138921 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1130130 Text en Copyright © 2023 Manan, Aqib, Shahbaz, Khan, Akram, Majeed, Muneer, Murtaza, Afrasiab, Merola, Niaz, Ahmad and Saeed. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Manan, Abdul
Aqib, Amjad Islam
Shahbaz, Ansa
Khan, Shanza Rauf
Akram, Kashif
Majeed, Hamid
Muneer, Afshan
Murtaza, Maheen
Afrasiab, Muhammad
Merola, Carmine
Niaz, Kamal
Ahmad, Irfan
Saeed, Mohd
Modification of the drug resistance of emerging milk-borne pathogens through sodium alginate-based antibiotics and nanoparticles
title Modification of the drug resistance of emerging milk-borne pathogens through sodium alginate-based antibiotics and nanoparticles
title_full Modification of the drug resistance of emerging milk-borne pathogens through sodium alginate-based antibiotics and nanoparticles
title_fullStr Modification of the drug resistance of emerging milk-borne pathogens through sodium alginate-based antibiotics and nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed Modification of the drug resistance of emerging milk-borne pathogens through sodium alginate-based antibiotics and nanoparticles
title_short Modification of the drug resistance of emerging milk-borne pathogens through sodium alginate-based antibiotics and nanoparticles
title_sort modification of the drug resistance of emerging milk-borne pathogens through sodium alginate-based antibiotics and nanoparticles
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10149700/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37138921
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1130130
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