Quantifying the Impact of Hydrological Connectivity on Salt Marsh Vegetation in the Liao River Delta Wetland

Salt marshes play a critical role in ecological functioning and have significant economic value. Hydrological elements are considered to be one of the major contributors to salt marsh degradation. However, how hydrological connectivity affects salt marshes remains poorly investigated at fine scales. This paper used spatial analysis and statistical methods to investigate the impact of hydrological connectivity on the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of salt marsh vegetation in two natural succession areas of the Liao River Delta wetland in 2020 and 2021 by selecting vegetation area, NDVI, tidal creeks area, distance to tidal creeks, and the Index of Connectivity, using 1 m Gaofen-2 data and 0.2 m aerial topographic data. The study found that the area and growth status of vegetation and the overall connectivity in 2021 were better than that in 2020, while the west bank of the Liao River was better than that on the east bank. Phragmites australis showed a round island distribution pattern primarily at the end of tidal creeks. The differences between different hydrological connectivity and vegetation area were significant in 2021. The vegetation area was the largest under poor and moderate connectivity. We also found that within a distance range of 0–6 m from tidal creeks, the vegetation area increased with increasing distance, but beyond 6 m, the vegetation area decreased with increasing distance. Our results showed that poor and moderate connectivity conditions were more suitable for vegetation growth. The threshold value of 6 m can provide an important reference for wetland vegetation restoration in the Liao River Delta wetland. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-023-01693-4.