Sensing of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by amperometric detection—dependence of current signal on concentration and type of organic species

The standard method to determine chemical oxygen demand (COD) with K(2)Cr(2)O(6) uses harmful chemicals, has a long analysis time, and cannot be used for on-site online monitoring. It is therefore necessary to find a fast, cheap, and harmless alternative. The amperometric determination of COD on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes is a promising approach. However, to be a suitable alternative, the electrochemical method must at least be able to determine the COD of water samples independently of the contained substances. Therefore, the current signal as a function of various organic materials was investigated for the first time. It was shown that the height of the signal current depended on the type of organic matter in single-substance solutions and that this substance dependency increases with the amount of COD. Those findings could be explained by the mechanism proposed for this reaction, showing that the selectivity of the reaction depends on the ratio of the concentration of hydroxyl radicals and organic species. We give an outlook on how to improve the method in order to increase the linear working range and avoid signal variance and how to further explain the signal variance. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10661-023-11228-3.