Cargando…

Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard

Surface-rupturing earthquakes can produce fault displacements that abruptly alter the established course of rivers. Several notable examples of fault rupture–induced river avulsions (FIRAs) have been documented, yet the factors influencing these phenomena have not been examined in detail. Here, we u...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: McEwan, Erin, Stahl, Timothy, Howell, Andrew, Langridge, Rob, Wilson, Matthew
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Association for the Advancement of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10156115/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37134168
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add2932
_version_ 1785036472653447168
author McEwan, Erin
Stahl, Timothy
Howell, Andrew
Langridge, Rob
Wilson, Matthew
author_facet McEwan, Erin
Stahl, Timothy
Howell, Andrew
Langridge, Rob
Wilson, Matthew
author_sort McEwan, Erin
collection PubMed
description Surface-rupturing earthquakes can produce fault displacements that abruptly alter the established course of rivers. Several notable examples of fault rupture–induced river avulsions (FIRAs) have been documented, yet the factors influencing these phenomena have not been examined in detail. Here, we use a recent case study from New Zealand’s 2016 Kaikōura earthquake to model the coseismic avulsion of a major braided river subjected to ~7-m vertical and ~4-m horizontal offset. We demonstrate that the salient characteristics of the avulsion can be reproduced with high accuracy by running a simple two-dimensional hydrodynamic model on synthetic (pre-earthquake) and “real” (post-earthquake) deformed lidar datasets. With adequate hydraulic inputs, deterministic and probabilistic hazard models can be precompiled for fault-river intersections to improve multihazard planning. Flood hazard models that ignore present and potential future fault deformation may underestimate the extent, frequency, and severity of inundation following large earthquakes.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10156115
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-101561152023-05-04 Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard McEwan, Erin Stahl, Timothy Howell, Andrew Langridge, Rob Wilson, Matthew Sci Adv Earth, Environmental, Ecological, and Space Sciences Surface-rupturing earthquakes can produce fault displacements that abruptly alter the established course of rivers. Several notable examples of fault rupture–induced river avulsions (FIRAs) have been documented, yet the factors influencing these phenomena have not been examined in detail. Here, we use a recent case study from New Zealand’s 2016 Kaikōura earthquake to model the coseismic avulsion of a major braided river subjected to ~7-m vertical and ~4-m horizontal offset. We demonstrate that the salient characteristics of the avulsion can be reproduced with high accuracy by running a simple two-dimensional hydrodynamic model on synthetic (pre-earthquake) and “real” (post-earthquake) deformed lidar datasets. With adequate hydraulic inputs, deterministic and probabilistic hazard models can be precompiled for fault-river intersections to improve multihazard planning. Flood hazard models that ignore present and potential future fault deformation may underestimate the extent, frequency, and severity of inundation following large earthquakes. American Association for the Advancement of Science 2023-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC10156115/ /pubmed/37134168 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add2932 Text en Copyright © 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Earth, Environmental, Ecological, and Space Sciences
McEwan, Erin
Stahl, Timothy
Howell, Andrew
Langridge, Rob
Wilson, Matthew
Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard
title Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard
title_full Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard
title_fullStr Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard
title_full_unstemmed Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard
title_short Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard
title_sort coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard
topic Earth, Environmental, Ecological, and Space Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10156115/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37134168
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add2932
work_keys_str_mv AT mcewanerin coseismicriveravulsiononsurfacerupturingfaultsassessingearthquakeinducedfloodhazard
AT stahltimothy coseismicriveravulsiononsurfacerupturingfaultsassessingearthquakeinducedfloodhazard
AT howellandrew coseismicriveravulsiononsurfacerupturingfaultsassessingearthquakeinducedfloodhazard
AT langridgerob coseismicriveravulsiononsurfacerupturingfaultsassessingearthquakeinducedfloodhazard
AT wilsonmatthew coseismicriveravulsiononsurfacerupturingfaultsassessingearthquakeinducedfloodhazard