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Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard
Surface-rupturing earthquakes can produce fault displacements that abruptly alter the established course of rivers. Several notable examples of fault rupture–induced river avulsions (FIRAs) have been documented, yet the factors influencing these phenomena have not been examined in detail. Here, we u...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10156115/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37134168 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add2932 |
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author | McEwan, Erin Stahl, Timothy Howell, Andrew Langridge, Rob Wilson, Matthew |
author_facet | McEwan, Erin Stahl, Timothy Howell, Andrew Langridge, Rob Wilson, Matthew |
author_sort | McEwan, Erin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Surface-rupturing earthquakes can produce fault displacements that abruptly alter the established course of rivers. Several notable examples of fault rupture–induced river avulsions (FIRAs) have been documented, yet the factors influencing these phenomena have not been examined in detail. Here, we use a recent case study from New Zealand’s 2016 Kaikōura earthquake to model the coseismic avulsion of a major braided river subjected to ~7-m vertical and ~4-m horizontal offset. We demonstrate that the salient characteristics of the avulsion can be reproduced with high accuracy by running a simple two-dimensional hydrodynamic model on synthetic (pre-earthquake) and “real” (post-earthquake) deformed lidar datasets. With adequate hydraulic inputs, deterministic and probabilistic hazard models can be precompiled for fault-river intersections to improve multihazard planning. Flood hazard models that ignore present and potential future fault deformation may underestimate the extent, frequency, and severity of inundation following large earthquakes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10156115 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101561152023-05-04 Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard McEwan, Erin Stahl, Timothy Howell, Andrew Langridge, Rob Wilson, Matthew Sci Adv Earth, Environmental, Ecological, and Space Sciences Surface-rupturing earthquakes can produce fault displacements that abruptly alter the established course of rivers. Several notable examples of fault rupture–induced river avulsions (FIRAs) have been documented, yet the factors influencing these phenomena have not been examined in detail. Here, we use a recent case study from New Zealand’s 2016 Kaikōura earthquake to model the coseismic avulsion of a major braided river subjected to ~7-m vertical and ~4-m horizontal offset. We demonstrate that the salient characteristics of the avulsion can be reproduced with high accuracy by running a simple two-dimensional hydrodynamic model on synthetic (pre-earthquake) and “real” (post-earthquake) deformed lidar datasets. With adequate hydraulic inputs, deterministic and probabilistic hazard models can be precompiled for fault-river intersections to improve multihazard planning. Flood hazard models that ignore present and potential future fault deformation may underestimate the extent, frequency, and severity of inundation following large earthquakes. American Association for the Advancement of Science 2023-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC10156115/ /pubmed/37134168 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add2932 Text en Copyright © 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Earth, Environmental, Ecological, and Space Sciences McEwan, Erin Stahl, Timothy Howell, Andrew Langridge, Rob Wilson, Matthew Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard |
title | Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard |
title_full | Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard |
title_fullStr | Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard |
title_full_unstemmed | Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard |
title_short | Coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: Assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard |
title_sort | coseismic river avulsion on surface rupturing faults: assessing earthquake-induced flood hazard |
topic | Earth, Environmental, Ecological, and Space Sciences |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10156115/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37134168 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add2932 |
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