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A computational fluid dynamics—Population balance equation approach for evaporating cough droplets transport

Airborne diseases, including COVID-19, are transmitted by respiratory droplets, which makes the study of the evolution of these droplets important to control the transmission. However, the evolution of the droplets is complex, being a multiphase, polydisperse, multicomponent system undergoing evapor...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Feng, Yi, Li, Dongyue, Marchisio, Daniele, Vanni, Marco, Buffo, Antonio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Ltd. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10157297/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2023.104500
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author Feng, Yi
Li, Dongyue
Marchisio, Daniele
Vanni, Marco
Buffo, Antonio
author_facet Feng, Yi
Li, Dongyue
Marchisio, Daniele
Vanni, Marco
Buffo, Antonio
author_sort Feng, Yi
collection PubMed
description Airborne diseases, including COVID-19, are transmitted by respiratory droplets, which makes the study of the evolution of these droplets important to control the transmission. However, the evolution of the droplets is complex, being a multiphase, polydisperse, multicomponent system undergoing evaporation. To numerically investigate such multiphase flows, there are mainly two approaches. One is the Eulerian–Lagrangian (E–L) approach, which is widely used due to its ability to trace the dispersion and evaporation of individual droplets. However, this approach generally has high costs and difficulty in post-processing. The other one is the Eulerian–Eulerian (E–E) approach, which, though having lower costs, is less adopted because of its failure to treat the features of polydispersity and evaporation. In order to take advantage of the low-costs of E–E approach, the population balance equation (PBE) is combined with the E–E approach to trace the polydisperse evaporating droplets. Two PBE solving methods, sectional method (SM) and quadrature based moment method (QBMM), are used and compared. The codes are developed based on the OpenFOAM library and their abilities to predict size changes of evaporating droplets, evolution of expelled airflow front, and aerosols concentration are assessed by using the experimental and numerical results in literature. Good agreements with the reported results are found, indicating the reliability of the CFD-PBE approaches. The SM and QBMM are finally applied in the transport of cough droplets in a 3D chamber. The suspending trends of small droplets and the falling trends of the large droplets are obtained by both methods. The droplets are found to be able to travel a distance longer than 2 m, which is valuable for the guidelines of social distancing. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of SM and QBMM are discussed.
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spelling pubmed-101572972023-05-04 A computational fluid dynamics—Population balance equation approach for evaporating cough droplets transport Feng, Yi Li, Dongyue Marchisio, Daniele Vanni, Marco Buffo, Antonio International Journal of Multiphase Flow Article Airborne diseases, including COVID-19, are transmitted by respiratory droplets, which makes the study of the evolution of these droplets important to control the transmission. However, the evolution of the droplets is complex, being a multiphase, polydisperse, multicomponent system undergoing evaporation. To numerically investigate such multiphase flows, there are mainly two approaches. One is the Eulerian–Lagrangian (E–L) approach, which is widely used due to its ability to trace the dispersion and evaporation of individual droplets. However, this approach generally has high costs and difficulty in post-processing. The other one is the Eulerian–Eulerian (E–E) approach, which, though having lower costs, is less adopted because of its failure to treat the features of polydispersity and evaporation. In order to take advantage of the low-costs of E–E approach, the population balance equation (PBE) is combined with the E–E approach to trace the polydisperse evaporating droplets. Two PBE solving methods, sectional method (SM) and quadrature based moment method (QBMM), are used and compared. The codes are developed based on the OpenFOAM library and their abilities to predict size changes of evaporating droplets, evolution of expelled airflow front, and aerosols concentration are assessed by using the experimental and numerical results in literature. Good agreements with the reported results are found, indicating the reliability of the CFD-PBE approaches. The SM and QBMM are finally applied in the transport of cough droplets in a 3D chamber. The suspending trends of small droplets and the falling trends of the large droplets are obtained by both methods. The droplets are found to be able to travel a distance longer than 2 m, which is valuable for the guidelines of social distancing. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of SM and QBMM are discussed. Elsevier Ltd. 2023-08 2023-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10157297/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2023.104500 Text en © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Feng, Yi
Li, Dongyue
Marchisio, Daniele
Vanni, Marco
Buffo, Antonio
A computational fluid dynamics—Population balance equation approach for evaporating cough droplets transport
title A computational fluid dynamics—Population balance equation approach for evaporating cough droplets transport
title_full A computational fluid dynamics—Population balance equation approach for evaporating cough droplets transport
title_fullStr A computational fluid dynamics—Population balance equation approach for evaporating cough droplets transport
title_full_unstemmed A computational fluid dynamics—Population balance equation approach for evaporating cough droplets transport
title_short A computational fluid dynamics—Population balance equation approach for evaporating cough droplets transport
title_sort computational fluid dynamics—population balance equation approach for evaporating cough droplets transport
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10157297/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2023.104500
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