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Trends of Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Healthcare Workers Over one Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has an overwhelming psychologic burden on healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aims to investigate the changes in the prevalence, estimates, severity, and risk factors of depressive symptoms among HCWs within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An observa...

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Autores principales: Yassin, Ahmed, Al-Mistarehi, Abdel-Hameed, Soudah, Ola, Karasneh, Reema, Al-Azzam, Sayer, Qarqash, Aref A., Khasawneh, Aws G., Alhayk, Kefah A., Al Qawasmeh, Majdi, Kofahi, Raid M., Bashayreh, Salma Y., El-Salem, Khalid
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Bentham Science Publishers 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10158079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37274865
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/17450179-v18-e2206160
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author Yassin, Ahmed
Al-Mistarehi, Abdel-Hameed
Soudah, Ola
Karasneh, Reema
Al-Azzam, Sayer
Qarqash, Aref A.
Khasawneh, Aws G.
Alhayk, Kefah A.
Al Qawasmeh, Majdi
Kofahi, Raid M.
Bashayreh, Salma Y.
El-Salem, Khalid
author_facet Yassin, Ahmed
Al-Mistarehi, Abdel-Hameed
Soudah, Ola
Karasneh, Reema
Al-Azzam, Sayer
Qarqash, Aref A.
Khasawneh, Aws G.
Alhayk, Kefah A.
Al Qawasmeh, Majdi
Kofahi, Raid M.
Bashayreh, Salma Y.
El-Salem, Khalid
author_sort Yassin, Ahmed
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has an overwhelming psychologic burden on healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aims to investigate the changes in the prevalence, estimates, severity, and risk factors of depressive symptoms among HCWs within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An observational e-survey collected data on HCWs’ socio-demographic characteristics, occupational situation, and depressive symptoms as measured by Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9). The e-survey was distributed one month after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (onset group) and again after one year (one-year group). RESULTS: A total of 422 HCWs were included (Mean (SD) age, 35.3 (9.9) years; 71.3% males), with 211 (50%) participants in each group. In the total cohort, the mean PHQ-9 score was 8.5, and 36.7% reported clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms with a PHQ-9 score of ≥10. Compared to the onset group, the one-year group reported a higher risk of major depressive disorder (41.7% vs. 31.8%; OR 1.538; 95%CI 1.032–2.291; p=0.034), a higher mean PHQ-9 score (9.5 (6.8) vs. 7.4 (5.3), p<0.001), and more severe depressive symptoms (p<0.005). Participants who were younger, unmarried, underwent testing for COVID-19, reported lower monthly income, did not receive special COVID-19 education, or had lower satisfaction with institutional preparedness had significantly higher depression scores and symptoms in both onset and one-year groups (p<0.05 for each category). Female gender and direct contact with COVID-19 patients or samples were significant risk factors within the onset group. Occupation as a physician, history of COVID-19 testing or infection, and perception of significant changes in work schedule or intensity were significantly associated with higher depression scores and symptoms among the one-year group. CONCLUSION: This study sheds light on an unspoken but significant rise in prevalence estimates and severity of depressive symptoms among HCWs over a year of the COVID-19 pandemic and shows the vulnerable subgroups for whom a psychological intervention might be warranted.
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spelling pubmed-101580792023-06-02 Trends of Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Healthcare Workers Over one Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic Yassin, Ahmed Al-Mistarehi, Abdel-Hameed Soudah, Ola Karasneh, Reema Al-Azzam, Sayer Qarqash, Aref A. Khasawneh, Aws G. Alhayk, Kefah A. Al Qawasmeh, Majdi Kofahi, Raid M. Bashayreh, Salma Y. El-Salem, Khalid Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health Article BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has an overwhelming psychologic burden on healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aims to investigate the changes in the prevalence, estimates, severity, and risk factors of depressive symptoms among HCWs within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An observational e-survey collected data on HCWs’ socio-demographic characteristics, occupational situation, and depressive symptoms as measured by Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9). The e-survey was distributed one month after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (onset group) and again after one year (one-year group). RESULTS: A total of 422 HCWs were included (Mean (SD) age, 35.3 (9.9) years; 71.3% males), with 211 (50%) participants in each group. In the total cohort, the mean PHQ-9 score was 8.5, and 36.7% reported clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms with a PHQ-9 score of ≥10. Compared to the onset group, the one-year group reported a higher risk of major depressive disorder (41.7% vs. 31.8%; OR 1.538; 95%CI 1.032–2.291; p=0.034), a higher mean PHQ-9 score (9.5 (6.8) vs. 7.4 (5.3), p<0.001), and more severe depressive symptoms (p<0.005). Participants who were younger, unmarried, underwent testing for COVID-19, reported lower monthly income, did not receive special COVID-19 education, or had lower satisfaction with institutional preparedness had significantly higher depression scores and symptoms in both onset and one-year groups (p<0.05 for each category). Female gender and direct contact with COVID-19 patients or samples were significant risk factors within the onset group. Occupation as a physician, history of COVID-19 testing or infection, and perception of significant changes in work schedule or intensity were significantly associated with higher depression scores and symptoms among the one-year group. CONCLUSION: This study sheds light on an unspoken but significant rise in prevalence estimates and severity of depressive symptoms among HCWs over a year of the COVID-19 pandemic and shows the vulnerable subgroups for whom a psychological intervention might be warranted. Bentham Science Publishers 2022-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10158079/ /pubmed/37274865 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/17450179-v18-e2206160 Text en © 2022 Al Yassin et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Article
Yassin, Ahmed
Al-Mistarehi, Abdel-Hameed
Soudah, Ola
Karasneh, Reema
Al-Azzam, Sayer
Qarqash, Aref A.
Khasawneh, Aws G.
Alhayk, Kefah A.
Al Qawasmeh, Majdi
Kofahi, Raid M.
Bashayreh, Salma Y.
El-Salem, Khalid
Trends of Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Healthcare Workers Over one Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
title Trends of Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Healthcare Workers Over one Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_full Trends of Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Healthcare Workers Over one Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_fullStr Trends of Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Healthcare Workers Over one Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_full_unstemmed Trends of Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Healthcare Workers Over one Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_short Trends of Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Healthcare Workers Over one Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_sort trends of prevalence estimates and risk factors of depressive symptoms among healthcare workers over one year of the covid-19 pandemic
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10158079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37274865
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/17450179-v18-e2206160
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