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Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis, depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda

BACKGROUND: Despite the known link between poor living conditions and mental health, there has been little research on the mental health of slum dwellers worldwide. Although the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an increase in mental health issues, little focus has been given t...

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Autores principales: Wafula, Solomon T., Ninsiima, Lesley L., Mendoza, Hilbert, Ssempebwa, John C., Walter, Florian, Musoke, David
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10159354/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37141298
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280338
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author Wafula, Solomon T.
Ninsiima, Lesley L.
Mendoza, Hilbert
Ssempebwa, John C.
Walter, Florian
Musoke, David
author_facet Wafula, Solomon T.
Ninsiima, Lesley L.
Mendoza, Hilbert
Ssempebwa, John C.
Walter, Florian
Musoke, David
author_sort Wafula, Solomon T.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Despite the known link between poor living conditions and mental health, there has been little research on the mental health of slum dwellers worldwide. Although the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an increase in mental health issues, little focus has been given to the impact on slum dwellers. The study aimed to investigate the association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis and the risk of depression and anxiety symptoms among people living in an urban slum in Uganda. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 284 adults (at least 18 years of age) in a slum settlement in Kampala, Uganda between April and May 2022. We assessed depression symptoms and anxiety using validated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder assessment tool (GAD-7) questionnaires respectively. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, and self-reported recent COVID-19 diagnosis (in the previous 30 days). Using a modified Poisson regression, adjusted for age, sex, gender and household income, we separately provided prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between recent COVID-19 diagnosis and depressive and anxiety symptoms. RESULTS: Overall, 33.8% and 13.4% of the participants met the depression and generalized anxiety screening criteria respectively and 11.3% were reportedly diagnosed with COVID-19 in the previous 30 days. People with recent COVID-19 diagnosis were more likely to be depressed (53.1%) than those with no recent diagnosis (31.4%) (p<0.001). Participants who were recently diagnosed with COVID-19 reported higher prevalence of anxiety (34.4%) compared to those with no recent diagnosis of COVID-19 (10.7%) (p = 0.014). After adjusting for confounding, recent diagnosis with COVID-19 was associated with depression (PR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.09–2.34) and anxiety (PR = 2.83, 95% CI 1.50–5.31). CONCLUSION: This study suggests an increased risk of depressive symptoms and GAD in adults following a COVID-19 diagnosis. We recommend additional mental health support for recently diagnosed persons. The long-term of COVID-19 on mental health effects also need to be investigated.
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spelling pubmed-101593542023-05-05 Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis, depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda Wafula, Solomon T. Ninsiima, Lesley L. Mendoza, Hilbert Ssempebwa, John C. Walter, Florian Musoke, David PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Despite the known link between poor living conditions and mental health, there has been little research on the mental health of slum dwellers worldwide. Although the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an increase in mental health issues, little focus has been given to the impact on slum dwellers. The study aimed to investigate the association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis and the risk of depression and anxiety symptoms among people living in an urban slum in Uganda. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 284 adults (at least 18 years of age) in a slum settlement in Kampala, Uganda between April and May 2022. We assessed depression symptoms and anxiety using validated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder assessment tool (GAD-7) questionnaires respectively. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, and self-reported recent COVID-19 diagnosis (in the previous 30 days). Using a modified Poisson regression, adjusted for age, sex, gender and household income, we separately provided prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between recent COVID-19 diagnosis and depressive and anxiety symptoms. RESULTS: Overall, 33.8% and 13.4% of the participants met the depression and generalized anxiety screening criteria respectively and 11.3% were reportedly diagnosed with COVID-19 in the previous 30 days. People with recent COVID-19 diagnosis were more likely to be depressed (53.1%) than those with no recent diagnosis (31.4%) (p<0.001). Participants who were recently diagnosed with COVID-19 reported higher prevalence of anxiety (34.4%) compared to those with no recent diagnosis of COVID-19 (10.7%) (p = 0.014). After adjusting for confounding, recent diagnosis with COVID-19 was associated with depression (PR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.09–2.34) and anxiety (PR = 2.83, 95% CI 1.50–5.31). CONCLUSION: This study suggests an increased risk of depressive symptoms and GAD in adults following a COVID-19 diagnosis. We recommend additional mental health support for recently diagnosed persons. The long-term of COVID-19 on mental health effects also need to be investigated. Public Library of Science 2023-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10159354/ /pubmed/37141298 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280338 Text en © 2023 Wafula et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wafula, Solomon T.
Ninsiima, Lesley L.
Mendoza, Hilbert
Ssempebwa, John C.
Walter, Florian
Musoke, David
Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis, depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda
title Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis, depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda
title_full Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis, depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda
title_fullStr Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis, depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda
title_full_unstemmed Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis, depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda
title_short Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis, depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda
title_sort association between recent covid-19 diagnosis, depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in kampala, uganda
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10159354/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37141298
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280338
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