Cargando…

Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using proxy indices in the Gunabay watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

Evaluation of groundwater potential and its quality assessment for drinking and irrigation has recently become a major concern, especially in developing countries due to various constraints. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of groundwater and establish whether they are safe f...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Tegegne, Asnakew Mulualem, Lohani, Tarun Kumar, Eshete, Abunu Atlabachew
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10161603/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37151705
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15263
_version_ 1785037527923556352
author Tegegne, Asnakew Mulualem
Lohani, Tarun Kumar
Eshete, Abunu Atlabachew
author_facet Tegegne, Asnakew Mulualem
Lohani, Tarun Kumar
Eshete, Abunu Atlabachew
author_sort Tegegne, Asnakew Mulualem
collection PubMed
description Evaluation of groundwater potential and its quality assessment for drinking and irrigation has recently become a major concern, especially in developing countries due to various constraints. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of groundwater and establish whether they are safe for domestic and agricultural usage. 78 samples were collected during dry and wet seasons from 39 locations in the Gunabay district of the upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia. The following physicochemical parameters were evaluated successfully (T, pH, EC, TDS, Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Fe, Cl(−), F(−), SO(4)(2−), PO(4)(3−), CO(3)(2−), HCO(3)(−), and NO(3)(−)-N). Then, Entropy Weight Water Quality Index (EWQI) and irrigation water quality indices (SAR, %Na, MAR, RSC, PS, KI, PI, and IWQI) were used to assess the distribution of groundwater quality in the study area. The Piper diagram used to characterize the groundwater types revealed that Ca–HCO(3) is dominant in the area and rock-water interaction regulates the chemical characteristics of groundwater. Wilcox diagram was used to analyze the salinity level in the groundwater. The findings showed that the groundwater had higher nitrate levels relative to the permissible level of WHO standards due to excessive use of fertilizers in rural areas. Depending on the EWQI approach, the study area was categorized as excellent, good, and medium zones, covering 84.6%, 12.8%, and 2.6%, respectively. The results depict that high-quality drinking water was available in rural areas, n high to medium in the urban regions. The comparative irrigation water indices record 85% of water wells are suitable for irrigation, but some well sites are unsuitable due to higher salinity hazards and deep rock interaction. These integrated water quality indices were effective in validating drinking and irrigation water quality in the study area.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10161603
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Elsevier
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-101616032023-05-06 Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using proxy indices in the Gunabay watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia Tegegne, Asnakew Mulualem Lohani, Tarun Kumar Eshete, Abunu Atlabachew Heliyon Research Article Evaluation of groundwater potential and its quality assessment for drinking and irrigation has recently become a major concern, especially in developing countries due to various constraints. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of groundwater and establish whether they are safe for domestic and agricultural usage. 78 samples were collected during dry and wet seasons from 39 locations in the Gunabay district of the upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia. The following physicochemical parameters were evaluated successfully (T, pH, EC, TDS, Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Fe, Cl(−), F(−), SO(4)(2−), PO(4)(3−), CO(3)(2−), HCO(3)(−), and NO(3)(−)-N). Then, Entropy Weight Water Quality Index (EWQI) and irrigation water quality indices (SAR, %Na, MAR, RSC, PS, KI, PI, and IWQI) were used to assess the distribution of groundwater quality in the study area. The Piper diagram used to characterize the groundwater types revealed that Ca–HCO(3) is dominant in the area and rock-water interaction regulates the chemical characteristics of groundwater. Wilcox diagram was used to analyze the salinity level in the groundwater. The findings showed that the groundwater had higher nitrate levels relative to the permissible level of WHO standards due to excessive use of fertilizers in rural areas. Depending on the EWQI approach, the study area was categorized as excellent, good, and medium zones, covering 84.6%, 12.8%, and 2.6%, respectively. The results depict that high-quality drinking water was available in rural areas, n high to medium in the urban regions. The comparative irrigation water indices record 85% of water wells are suitable for irrigation, but some well sites are unsuitable due to higher salinity hazards and deep rock interaction. These integrated water quality indices were effective in validating drinking and irrigation water quality in the study area. Elsevier 2023-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10161603/ /pubmed/37151705 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15263 Text en © 2023 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Research Article
Tegegne, Asnakew Mulualem
Lohani, Tarun Kumar
Eshete, Abunu Atlabachew
Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using proxy indices in the Gunabay watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
title Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using proxy indices in the Gunabay watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
title_full Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using proxy indices in the Gunabay watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
title_fullStr Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using proxy indices in the Gunabay watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using proxy indices in the Gunabay watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
title_short Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using proxy indices in the Gunabay watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
title_sort evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using proxy indices in the gunabay watershed, upper blue nile basin, ethiopia
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10161603/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37151705
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15263
work_keys_str_mv AT tegegneasnakewmulualem evaluationofgroundwaterqualityfordrinkingandirrigationpurposesusingproxyindicesinthegunabaywatershedupperbluenilebasinethiopia
AT lohanitarunkumar evaluationofgroundwaterqualityfordrinkingandirrigationpurposesusingproxyindicesinthegunabaywatershedupperbluenilebasinethiopia
AT esheteabunuatlabachew evaluationofgroundwaterqualityfordrinkingandirrigationpurposesusingproxyindicesinthegunabaywatershedupperbluenilebasinethiopia