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Flexible design in the stomatopod dactyl club

The stomatopod is a fascinating animal that uses its weaponized appendage dactyl clubs for breaking mollusc shells. Dactyl clubs are a well studied example of biomineralized hierarchical structures. Most research has focused on the regions close to the action, namely the impact region and surface co...

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Autores principales: Christensen, Thorbjørn Erik Køppen, Chua, Jia Qing Isaiah, Wittig, Nina Kølln, Jørgensen, Mads Ry Vogel, Kantor, Innokenty, Thomsen, Jesper Skovhus, Miserez, Ali, Birkedal, Henrik
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: International Union of Crystallography 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10161772/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36912686
http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S2052252523002075
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author Christensen, Thorbjørn Erik Køppen
Chua, Jia Qing Isaiah
Wittig, Nina Kølln
Jørgensen, Mads Ry Vogel
Kantor, Innokenty
Thomsen, Jesper Skovhus
Miserez, Ali
Birkedal, Henrik
author_facet Christensen, Thorbjørn Erik Køppen
Chua, Jia Qing Isaiah
Wittig, Nina Kølln
Jørgensen, Mads Ry Vogel
Kantor, Innokenty
Thomsen, Jesper Skovhus
Miserez, Ali
Birkedal, Henrik
author_sort Christensen, Thorbjørn Erik Køppen
collection PubMed
description The stomatopod is a fascinating animal that uses its weaponized appendage dactyl clubs for breaking mollusc shells. Dactyl clubs are a well studied example of biomineralized hierarchical structures. Most research has focused on the regions close to the action, namely the impact region and surface composed of chitin and apatite crystallites. Further away from the site of impact, the club has lower mineralization and more amorphous phases; these areas have not been as actively studied as their highly mineralized counterparts. This work focuses on the side of the club, in what is known as the periodic and striated regions. A combination of laboratory micro-computed tomography, synchrotron X-ray diffraction mapping and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping has shown that the mineral in this region undergoes the transition from an amorphous to a crystalline phase in some, but not all, clubs. This means that this side region can be mineralized by either an amorphous phase, calcite crystallites or a mixture of both. It was found that when larger calcite crystallites form, they are organized (textured) with respect to the chitin present in this biocomposite. This suggests that chitin may serve as a template for crystallization when the side of the club is fully mineralized. Further, calcite crystallites were found to form as early as 1 week after moulting of the club. This suggests that the side of the club is designed with a significant safety margin that allows for a variety of phases, i.e. the club can function independently of whether the side region has a crystalline or amorphous mineral phase.
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spelling pubmed-101617722023-05-06 Flexible design in the stomatopod dactyl club Christensen, Thorbjørn Erik Køppen Chua, Jia Qing Isaiah Wittig, Nina Kølln Jørgensen, Mads Ry Vogel Kantor, Innokenty Thomsen, Jesper Skovhus Miserez, Ali Birkedal, Henrik IUCrJ Research Papers The stomatopod is a fascinating animal that uses its weaponized appendage dactyl clubs for breaking mollusc shells. Dactyl clubs are a well studied example of biomineralized hierarchical structures. Most research has focused on the regions close to the action, namely the impact region and surface composed of chitin and apatite crystallites. Further away from the site of impact, the club has lower mineralization and more amorphous phases; these areas have not been as actively studied as their highly mineralized counterparts. This work focuses on the side of the club, in what is known as the periodic and striated regions. A combination of laboratory micro-computed tomography, synchrotron X-ray diffraction mapping and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping has shown that the mineral in this region undergoes the transition from an amorphous to a crystalline phase in some, but not all, clubs. This means that this side region can be mineralized by either an amorphous phase, calcite crystallites or a mixture of both. It was found that when larger calcite crystallites form, they are organized (textured) with respect to the chitin present in this biocomposite. This suggests that chitin may serve as a template for crystallization when the side of the club is fully mineralized. Further, calcite crystallites were found to form as early as 1 week after moulting of the club. This suggests that the side of the club is designed with a significant safety margin that allows for a variety of phases, i.e. the club can function independently of whether the side region has a crystalline or amorphous mineral phase. International Union of Crystallography 2023-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10161772/ /pubmed/36912686 http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S2052252523002075 Text en © Thorbjørn Erik Køppen Christensen et al. 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.
spellingShingle Research Papers
Christensen, Thorbjørn Erik Køppen
Chua, Jia Qing Isaiah
Wittig, Nina Kølln
Jørgensen, Mads Ry Vogel
Kantor, Innokenty
Thomsen, Jesper Skovhus
Miserez, Ali
Birkedal, Henrik
Flexible design in the stomatopod dactyl club
title Flexible design in the stomatopod dactyl club
title_full Flexible design in the stomatopod dactyl club
title_fullStr Flexible design in the stomatopod dactyl club
title_full_unstemmed Flexible design in the stomatopod dactyl club
title_short Flexible design in the stomatopod dactyl club
title_sort flexible design in the stomatopod dactyl club
topic Research Papers
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10161772/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36912686
http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S2052252523002075
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