Prevalence of Pathogenic Germline Mutations in 13 Hereditary Cancer-Related Genes in Breast Cancer Patients in Narathiwat Province, Thailand

BACKGROUND: BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are known to increase breast cancer’s lifetime risk. Early identification of women with this inherited risk can potentially reduce the risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer and, together with early screening, decrease the mortality rate. OBJECTIVE: This study explored the frequency and distribution of genetic variants in consecutive cases of breast cancer in Narathiwat province, one of the three provinces in the southernmost Thai border. MATERIAL & METHOD: A series of 64 consecutive breast cancer patients who underwent treatment in two general hospitals in the province during the period from the year 2021 to 2022. Genotyping studies were performed using a whole exome sequencing platform. Moderate to high penetrance variants recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines 2022 (ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDH1, CHEK2, NF1, PALB2, PTEN, RAD51C, RAD51D, STK11, TP53) were annotated and filtered for pathogenic, likely pathogenic, or high-impact variants. RESULTS: Pathogenic germline variants were found in 8/64 cases (12.5%), namely BRCA1 in 3 (4.7%), BRCA2 in 4 (6.3%), ATM in 1 (1.6%), and PALB2 in 1 (1.6%). One patient had two concomitant germline mutations in BRCA2 and ATM. CONCLUSION: This is the first study on the frequency of germline mutations in BRCA1/2 and other breast cancer-predisposing genes in the southernmost provinces of Thailand. At least one pathogenic germline mutation was identified in 12.5% of the study patients, which suggests that genetic testing in this population has a high potential to provide benefits.