Clinical features and novel technologies for prehospital detection of intracerebral haemorrhage: a scoping review protocol

INTRODUCTION: The detection of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in the prehospital setting without conventional imaging technology might allow early treatment to reduce haematoma expansion and improve patient outcomes. Although ICH and ischaemic stroke share many clinical features, some may help in distinguishing ICH from other suspected stroke patients. In combination with clinical features, novel technologies may improve diagnosis further. This scoping review aims to first identify the early, distinguishing clinical features of ICH and then identify novel portable technologies that may enhance differentiation of ICH from other suspected strokes. Where appropriate and feasible, meta-analyses will be performed. METHODS: The scoping review will follow the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology for Scoping Reviews as well as the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. A systematic search will be conducted using MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid) and CENTRAL (Ovid). EndNote reference management software will be used to remove duplicate entries. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full-text reports according to prespecified eligibility criteria using the Rayyan Qatar Computing Research Institute software. One reviewer will screen all titles, abstracts and full-text reports of potentially eligible studies, while the other reviewer will independently screen at least 20% of all titles, abstracts and full-text reports. Conflicts will be resolved through discussion or by consulting a third reviewer. Results will be tabulated in accordance with the scoping review’s objectives along with a narrative discussion. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required for this review, as it will only include published literature. The results will be published in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal, presented at scientific conferences and form part of a PhD thesis. We expect the findings to contribute to future research into the early detection of ICH in suspected stroke patients.