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The effectiveness of financial incentives for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review

Financial incentives are a controversial strategy for increasing vaccination. In this systematic review, we evaluated: 1) the effects of incentives on COVID-19 vaccinations; 2) whether effects differed based on study outcome, study design, incentive type and timing, or sample sociodemographic charac...

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Autores principales: Khazanov, Gabriela K., Stewart, Rebecca, Pieri, Matteo F., Huang, Candice, Robertson, Christopher T., Schaefer, K. Aleks, Ko, Hansoo, Fishman, Jessica
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Academic Press 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10163939/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37156430
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107538
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author Khazanov, Gabriela K.
Stewart, Rebecca
Pieri, Matteo F.
Huang, Candice
Robertson, Christopher T.
Schaefer, K. Aleks
Ko, Hansoo
Fishman, Jessica
author_facet Khazanov, Gabriela K.
Stewart, Rebecca
Pieri, Matteo F.
Huang, Candice
Robertson, Christopher T.
Schaefer, K. Aleks
Ko, Hansoo
Fishman, Jessica
author_sort Khazanov, Gabriela K.
collection PubMed
description Financial incentives are a controversial strategy for increasing vaccination. In this systematic review, we evaluated: 1) the effects of incentives on COVID-19 vaccinations; 2) whether effects differed based on study outcome, study design, incentive type and timing, or sample sociodemographic characteristics; and 3) the cost of incentives per additional vaccine administered. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Econlit up to March 2022 for terms related to COVID, vaccines, and financial incentives, and identified 38 peer-reviewed, quantitative studies. Independent raters extracted study data and evaluated study quality. Studies examined the impact of financial incentives on COVID-19 vaccine uptake (k = 18), related psychological outcomes (e.g., vaccine intentions, k = 19), or both types of outcomes. For studies of vaccine uptake, none found that financial incentives had a negative effect on uptake, and most rigorous studies found that incentives had a positive effect on uptake. By contrast, studies of vaccine intentions were inconclusive. While three studies concluded that incentives may negatively impact vaccine intentions for some individuals, they had methodological limitations. Study outcomes (uptake versus intentions) and study design (experimental versus observational frameworks) appeared to influence results more than incentive type or timing. Additionally, income and political affiliation may moderate responses to incentives. Most studies evaluating cost per additional vaccine administered found that they ranged from $49–75. Overall, fears about financial incentives decreasing COVID-19 vaccine uptake are not supported by the evidence. Financial incentives likely increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. While these increases appear to be small, they may be meaningful across populations. Registration: PROSPERO, CRD42022316086 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022316086).
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spelling pubmed-101639392023-05-08 The effectiveness of financial incentives for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review Khazanov, Gabriela K. Stewart, Rebecca Pieri, Matteo F. Huang, Candice Robertson, Christopher T. Schaefer, K. Aleks Ko, Hansoo Fishman, Jessica Prev Med Review Article Financial incentives are a controversial strategy for increasing vaccination. In this systematic review, we evaluated: 1) the effects of incentives on COVID-19 vaccinations; 2) whether effects differed based on study outcome, study design, incentive type and timing, or sample sociodemographic characteristics; and 3) the cost of incentives per additional vaccine administered. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Econlit up to March 2022 for terms related to COVID, vaccines, and financial incentives, and identified 38 peer-reviewed, quantitative studies. Independent raters extracted study data and evaluated study quality. Studies examined the impact of financial incentives on COVID-19 vaccine uptake (k = 18), related psychological outcomes (e.g., vaccine intentions, k = 19), or both types of outcomes. For studies of vaccine uptake, none found that financial incentives had a negative effect on uptake, and most rigorous studies found that incentives had a positive effect on uptake. By contrast, studies of vaccine intentions were inconclusive. While three studies concluded that incentives may negatively impact vaccine intentions for some individuals, they had methodological limitations. Study outcomes (uptake versus intentions) and study design (experimental versus observational frameworks) appeared to influence results more than incentive type or timing. Additionally, income and political affiliation may moderate responses to incentives. Most studies evaluating cost per additional vaccine administered found that they ranged from $49–75. Overall, fears about financial incentives decreasing COVID-19 vaccine uptake are not supported by the evidence. Financial incentives likely increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. While these increases appear to be small, they may be meaningful across populations. Registration: PROSPERO, CRD42022316086 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022316086). Academic Press 2023-07 2023-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10163939/ /pubmed/37156430 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107538 Text en Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Review Article
Khazanov, Gabriela K.
Stewart, Rebecca
Pieri, Matteo F.
Huang, Candice
Robertson, Christopher T.
Schaefer, K. Aleks
Ko, Hansoo
Fishman, Jessica
The effectiveness of financial incentives for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review
title The effectiveness of financial incentives for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review
title_full The effectiveness of financial incentives for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review
title_fullStr The effectiveness of financial incentives for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review
title_full_unstemmed The effectiveness of financial incentives for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review
title_short The effectiveness of financial incentives for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review
title_sort effectiveness of financial incentives for covid-19 vaccination: a systematic review
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10163939/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37156430
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107538
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