Lymphovascular or perineural invasion is associated with lymph node metastasis and survival outcomes in patients with gastric cancer

BACKGROUND: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) are associated with poorer prognosis in several human malignancies, but their significance in gastric cancer (GC) remains to be clearly defined. Our study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of LVI/PNI in patients with curative resected GC. METHODS: Records of 1488 patients with stage I‐–III GC and 3327 patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer (CRC) were reviewed retrospectively, and difference in the incidence of LVI/PNI between GC and CRC was compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate whether LVI/PNI was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis (LNM) and overall survival (OS) in GC. RESULTS: Patients with stage I–III GC had a significantly higher incidence of LVI/PNI than patients with stage I–III CRC (50.54% vs. 21.91%, p < 0.001). LVI/PNI was significantly associated with higher CEA, higher CA199, deeper tumor invasion, more lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM stage in GC ( p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified LVI/PNI (OR = 2.64, 95%CI: 2.05–3.40, p < 0.001) as an independent risk factor for LNM in GC. The OS rate was significantly lower in the LVI/PNI‐positive GC group than that in the LVI/PNI‐negative GC group ( p < 0.001). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, LVI/PNI (HR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.04–1.71, p = 0.023) was an independent prognostic factor for OS in GC. CONCLUSION: GC has a high incidence of LVI/PNI, which was closely associated with disease progression. LVI/PNI could serve as an independent risk factor for LNM and the prognosis of patients with curative resected GC. These findings will be helpful in predicting survival outcomes more accurately and establishing individualized treatment plans.