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Hybrid Immunity Provides Protective Advantage Over Vaccination or Prior Remote Coronavirus Disease 2019 Alone

BACKGROUND: The protective efficacy of prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with or without vaccination remains unknown. This study sought to understand if 2 or more messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine doses provide additional protection in patients with prior infection, or if infection alone provides...

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Autores principales: Virk, Abinash, Johnson, Matthew G, Roellinger, Daniel L, Scott, Christopher G, Sampathkumar, Priya, Breeher, Laura E, Swift, Melanie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10167982/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37180597
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad161
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author Virk, Abinash
Johnson, Matthew G
Roellinger, Daniel L
Scott, Christopher G
Sampathkumar, Priya
Breeher, Laura E
Swift, Melanie
author_facet Virk, Abinash
Johnson, Matthew G
Roellinger, Daniel L
Scott, Christopher G
Sampathkumar, Priya
Breeher, Laura E
Swift, Melanie
author_sort Virk, Abinash
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The protective efficacy of prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with or without vaccination remains unknown. This study sought to understand if 2 or more messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine doses provide additional protection in patients with prior infection, or if infection alone provides comparable protection. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the risk of COVID-19 from 16 December 2020 through 15 March 2022, among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients of all ages with and without prior infection. A Simon-Makuch hazard plot illustrated the incidence of COVID-19 between groups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association of demographics, prior infection, and vaccination status with new infection. RESULTS: Among 101 941 individuals with at least 1 COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test prior to 15 March 2022, 72 361 (71.0%) received mRNA vaccination and 5957 (5.8%) were previously infected. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was substantially higher throughout the study period for those previously uninfected and unvaccinated, and lowest for those previously infected and vaccinated. After accounting for age, sex, and the interaction between vaccination and prior infection, a reduction in reinfection risk was noted during the Omicron and pre-Omicron phases of 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8%–41%; P = .0065) to 36% (95% CI, 10%–54%; P = .0108), respectively, among previously infected and vaccinated individuals, compared to previously infected subjects without vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination was associated with lower risk of COVID-19, including in those with prior infection. Vaccination should be encouraged for all including those with prior infection, especially as new variants emerge and variant-specific booster vaccines become available.
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spelling pubmed-101679822023-05-10 Hybrid Immunity Provides Protective Advantage Over Vaccination or Prior Remote Coronavirus Disease 2019 Alone Virk, Abinash Johnson, Matthew G Roellinger, Daniel L Scott, Christopher G Sampathkumar, Priya Breeher, Laura E Swift, Melanie Open Forum Infect Dis Major Article BACKGROUND: The protective efficacy of prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with or without vaccination remains unknown. This study sought to understand if 2 or more messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine doses provide additional protection in patients with prior infection, or if infection alone provides comparable protection. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the risk of COVID-19 from 16 December 2020 through 15 March 2022, among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients of all ages with and without prior infection. A Simon-Makuch hazard plot illustrated the incidence of COVID-19 between groups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association of demographics, prior infection, and vaccination status with new infection. RESULTS: Among 101 941 individuals with at least 1 COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test prior to 15 March 2022, 72 361 (71.0%) received mRNA vaccination and 5957 (5.8%) were previously infected. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was substantially higher throughout the study period for those previously uninfected and unvaccinated, and lowest for those previously infected and vaccinated. After accounting for age, sex, and the interaction between vaccination and prior infection, a reduction in reinfection risk was noted during the Omicron and pre-Omicron phases of 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8%–41%; P = .0065) to 36% (95% CI, 10%–54%; P = .0108), respectively, among previously infected and vaccinated individuals, compared to previously infected subjects without vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination was associated with lower risk of COVID-19, including in those with prior infection. Vaccination should be encouraged for all including those with prior infection, especially as new variants emerge and variant-specific booster vaccines become available. Oxford University Press 2023-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10167982/ /pubmed/37180597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad161 Text en © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Major Article
Virk, Abinash
Johnson, Matthew G
Roellinger, Daniel L
Scott, Christopher G
Sampathkumar, Priya
Breeher, Laura E
Swift, Melanie
Hybrid Immunity Provides Protective Advantage Over Vaccination or Prior Remote Coronavirus Disease 2019 Alone
title Hybrid Immunity Provides Protective Advantage Over Vaccination or Prior Remote Coronavirus Disease 2019 Alone
title_full Hybrid Immunity Provides Protective Advantage Over Vaccination or Prior Remote Coronavirus Disease 2019 Alone
title_fullStr Hybrid Immunity Provides Protective Advantage Over Vaccination or Prior Remote Coronavirus Disease 2019 Alone
title_full_unstemmed Hybrid Immunity Provides Protective Advantage Over Vaccination or Prior Remote Coronavirus Disease 2019 Alone
title_short Hybrid Immunity Provides Protective Advantage Over Vaccination or Prior Remote Coronavirus Disease 2019 Alone
title_sort hybrid immunity provides protective advantage over vaccination or prior remote coronavirus disease 2019 alone
topic Major Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10167982/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37180597
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad161
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