Cargando…

Prevalence and risk factors of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) in cattle on farms of Limpopo province, South Africa

Q fever in animals and humans and its economic and public health significance has been widely reported worldwide but in South Africa. There are few studies on the prevalence of this zoonosis and its associated risk factors in South African livestock. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sadiki, Vhahangwele, Gcebe, Nomakorinte, Mangena, Maruping L., Ngoshe, Yusuf B., Adesiyun, Abiodun A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10169714/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37180062
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1101988
_version_ 1785039100463546368
author Sadiki, Vhahangwele
Gcebe, Nomakorinte
Mangena, Maruping L.
Ngoshe, Yusuf B.
Adesiyun, Abiodun A.
author_facet Sadiki, Vhahangwele
Gcebe, Nomakorinte
Mangena, Maruping L.
Ngoshe, Yusuf B.
Adesiyun, Abiodun A.
author_sort Sadiki, Vhahangwele
collection PubMed
description Q fever in animals and humans and its economic and public health significance has been widely reported worldwide but in South Africa. There are few studies on the prevalence of this zoonosis and its associated risk factors in South African livestock. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence, molecular prevalence, and risk factors associated with C. burnetii in cattle on farms in South Africa’s Limpopo province. Out of 383 cattle tested for antibodies, the overall seroprevalence was 24.28%. Herd size of >150 (OR: 9.88; 95%CI: 3.92–24.89; p < 0.01) remained associated with C. burnetii seropositivity in cattle. For PCR detection, targeting IS1111 fragment, cattle with no abortion history (OR: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.18–0.77; p < 0.01) and herd size of >150 (OR: 3.52; 95%CI: 1.34–9.24; p < 0.01) remained associated with C. burnetii positivity. The molecular prevalence in sheath scrapings and vaginal swabs by IS1111 PCR was 15.67%. Cohen’s kappa agreement test revealed a fair agreement between the PCR and ELISA results (k = 0.40). Sequence analysis revealed that the amplicons had similarities to the C. burnetii transposase gene fragment, confirming the presence of the pathogen. The higher seroprevalence than molecular prevalence indicated a past C. burnetii infection, no bacterial shedding through vaginal mucus in cows, or preputial discharge in bulls. Similarly, the detection of C. burnetii by PCR in the absence of antibodies could be partly explained by recent infections in which antibodies have not yet been produced against the bacteria, or the level of these antibodies was below the detectability threshold. The presence of the pathogen in cattle and the evidence of exposure, as shown by both PCR and ELISA suggests an active circulation of the pathogen. This study demonstrated that C. burnetii is widespread in the study area and that a herd size of >150 is associated with C. burnetii seroprevalence and molecular prevalence.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10169714
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-101697142023-05-11 Prevalence and risk factors of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) in cattle on farms of Limpopo province, South Africa Sadiki, Vhahangwele Gcebe, Nomakorinte Mangena, Maruping L. Ngoshe, Yusuf B. Adesiyun, Abiodun A. Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Q fever in animals and humans and its economic and public health significance has been widely reported worldwide but in South Africa. There are few studies on the prevalence of this zoonosis and its associated risk factors in South African livestock. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence, molecular prevalence, and risk factors associated with C. burnetii in cattle on farms in South Africa’s Limpopo province. Out of 383 cattle tested for antibodies, the overall seroprevalence was 24.28%. Herd size of >150 (OR: 9.88; 95%CI: 3.92–24.89; p < 0.01) remained associated with C. burnetii seropositivity in cattle. For PCR detection, targeting IS1111 fragment, cattle with no abortion history (OR: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.18–0.77; p < 0.01) and herd size of >150 (OR: 3.52; 95%CI: 1.34–9.24; p < 0.01) remained associated with C. burnetii positivity. The molecular prevalence in sheath scrapings and vaginal swabs by IS1111 PCR was 15.67%. Cohen’s kappa agreement test revealed a fair agreement between the PCR and ELISA results (k = 0.40). Sequence analysis revealed that the amplicons had similarities to the C. burnetii transposase gene fragment, confirming the presence of the pathogen. The higher seroprevalence than molecular prevalence indicated a past C. burnetii infection, no bacterial shedding through vaginal mucus in cows, or preputial discharge in bulls. Similarly, the detection of C. burnetii by PCR in the absence of antibodies could be partly explained by recent infections in which antibodies have not yet been produced against the bacteria, or the level of these antibodies was below the detectability threshold. The presence of the pathogen in cattle and the evidence of exposure, as shown by both PCR and ELISA suggests an active circulation of the pathogen. This study demonstrated that C. burnetii is widespread in the study area and that a herd size of >150 is associated with C. burnetii seroprevalence and molecular prevalence. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10169714/ /pubmed/37180062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1101988 Text en Copyright © 2023 Sadiki, Gcebe, Mangena, Ngoshe and Adesiyun. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Sadiki, Vhahangwele
Gcebe, Nomakorinte
Mangena, Maruping L.
Ngoshe, Yusuf B.
Adesiyun, Abiodun A.
Prevalence and risk factors of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) in cattle on farms of Limpopo province, South Africa
title Prevalence and risk factors of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) in cattle on farms of Limpopo province, South Africa
title_full Prevalence and risk factors of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) in cattle on farms of Limpopo province, South Africa
title_fullStr Prevalence and risk factors of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) in cattle on farms of Limpopo province, South Africa
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and risk factors of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) in cattle on farms of Limpopo province, South Africa
title_short Prevalence and risk factors of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) in cattle on farms of Limpopo province, South Africa
title_sort prevalence and risk factors of q fever (coxiella burnetii) in cattle on farms of limpopo province, south africa
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10169714/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37180062
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1101988
work_keys_str_mv AT sadikivhahangwele prevalenceandriskfactorsofqfevercoxiellaburnetiiincattleonfarmsoflimpopoprovincesouthafrica
AT gcebenomakorinte prevalenceandriskfactorsofqfevercoxiellaburnetiiincattleonfarmsoflimpopoprovincesouthafrica
AT mangenamarupingl prevalenceandriskfactorsofqfevercoxiellaburnetiiincattleonfarmsoflimpopoprovincesouthafrica
AT ngosheyusufb prevalenceandriskfactorsofqfevercoxiellaburnetiiincattleonfarmsoflimpopoprovincesouthafrica
AT adesiyunabioduna prevalenceandriskfactorsofqfevercoxiellaburnetiiincattleonfarmsoflimpopoprovincesouthafrica