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Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution

INTRODUCTION: Limonium (L.) tetragonum (Thunb.) A. A. Bullock, a halophyte that grows all over the southwest coast of Korea, is a medicinal plant with various pharmacological effects. The salt defense mechanism stimulates the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites and improves functional subs...

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Autores principales: Jang, Seong-Nam, Kang, Min-Ji, Kim, Yun Na, Jeong, Eun Ju, Cho, Kye Man, Yun, Jae Gil, Son, Ki-Ho
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10170659/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37180402
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1159625
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author Jang, Seong-Nam
Kang, Min-Ji
Kim, Yun Na
Jeong, Eun Ju
Cho, Kye Man
Yun, Jae Gil
Son, Ki-Ho
author_facet Jang, Seong-Nam
Kang, Min-Ji
Kim, Yun Na
Jeong, Eun Ju
Cho, Kye Man
Yun, Jae Gil
Son, Ki-Ho
author_sort Jang, Seong-Nam
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Limonium (L.) tetragonum (Thunb.) A. A. Bullock, a halophyte that grows all over the southwest coast of Korea, is a medicinal plant with various pharmacological effects. The salt defense mechanism stimulates the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites and improves functional substances. In this study, we investigated the optimal NaCl concentration for the growth and enhancement of secondary metabolites in hydroponically grown L. tetragonum. METHODS: The seedlings grown for 3 weeks in a hydroponic cultivation system were treated with 0-, 25-, 50-, 75-, and 100-mM NaCl in Hoagland’s nutrient solution for 8 weeks. No significant effect on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence was observed for the NaCl concentrations below 100-mM. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: The increase in the NaCl concentration resulted in the decrease in the water potential of the L. tetragonum leaves. The Na(+) content accumulated in the aerial part increased rapidly and the content of K(+), which acts as an antagonist, decreased with the increase in NaCl concentrations in hydroponics. The total amino acid content of L. tetragonum decreased compared to the 0-mM NaCl, and most of the amino acid content decreased as the NaCl concentration increased. In contrast, the content of urea, proline (Pro), β-alanine, ornithine, and arginine was increased with an increase in NaCl concentration. The Pro content at 100-mM NaCl accounted for 60% of the total amino acids and was found to be a major osmoregulator as an important component of the salt defense mechanisms. The top five compounds identified in the L. tetragonum were classified as flavonoids while the flavanone compound was detected only in the NaCl treatments. A total of four myricetin glycosides were increased in comparison to the 0-mM NaCl. Among the differentially expressed genes, a significantly large change in Gene ontology was seen in the circadian rhythm. NaCl treatment enhanced the flavonoid-based substances of L. tetragonum. The optimum NaCl concentration for the enhancement of secondary metabolites of the L. tetragonum in the vertical farm-hydroponic cultivation system was 75-mM NaCl.
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spelling pubmed-101706592023-05-11 Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution Jang, Seong-Nam Kang, Min-Ji Kim, Yun Na Jeong, Eun Ju Cho, Kye Man Yun, Jae Gil Son, Ki-Ho Front Plant Sci Plant Science INTRODUCTION: Limonium (L.) tetragonum (Thunb.) A. A. Bullock, a halophyte that grows all over the southwest coast of Korea, is a medicinal plant with various pharmacological effects. The salt defense mechanism stimulates the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites and improves functional substances. In this study, we investigated the optimal NaCl concentration for the growth and enhancement of secondary metabolites in hydroponically grown L. tetragonum. METHODS: The seedlings grown for 3 weeks in a hydroponic cultivation system were treated with 0-, 25-, 50-, 75-, and 100-mM NaCl in Hoagland’s nutrient solution for 8 weeks. No significant effect on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence was observed for the NaCl concentrations below 100-mM. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: The increase in the NaCl concentration resulted in the decrease in the water potential of the L. tetragonum leaves. The Na(+) content accumulated in the aerial part increased rapidly and the content of K(+), which acts as an antagonist, decreased with the increase in NaCl concentrations in hydroponics. The total amino acid content of L. tetragonum decreased compared to the 0-mM NaCl, and most of the amino acid content decreased as the NaCl concentration increased. In contrast, the content of urea, proline (Pro), β-alanine, ornithine, and arginine was increased with an increase in NaCl concentration. The Pro content at 100-mM NaCl accounted for 60% of the total amino acids and was found to be a major osmoregulator as an important component of the salt defense mechanisms. The top five compounds identified in the L. tetragonum were classified as flavonoids while the flavanone compound was detected only in the NaCl treatments. A total of four myricetin glycosides were increased in comparison to the 0-mM NaCl. Among the differentially expressed genes, a significantly large change in Gene ontology was seen in the circadian rhythm. NaCl treatment enhanced the flavonoid-based substances of L. tetragonum. The optimum NaCl concentration for the enhancement of secondary metabolites of the L. tetragonum in the vertical farm-hydroponic cultivation system was 75-mM NaCl. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10170659/ /pubmed/37180402 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1159625 Text en Copyright © 2023 Jang, Kang, Kim, Jeong, Cho, Yun and Son https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Jang, Seong-Nam
Kang, Min-Ji
Kim, Yun Na
Jeong, Eun Ju
Cho, Kye Man
Yun, Jae Gil
Son, Ki-Ho
Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution
title Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution
title_full Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution
title_fullStr Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution
title_full_unstemmed Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution
title_short Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution
title_sort physiological and biochemical responses of limonium tetragonum to nacl concentrations in hydroponic solution
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10170659/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37180402
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1159625
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