Association between Serum Copper, Selenium, Zinc, and Serum Estradiol in Women

OBJECTIVES: The objective is to examine the associations between serum copper, selenium, zinc, and serum estradiol (E2) among 2388 female participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS: To estimate the association between serum copper, selenium, zinc, and serum E2, multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Fitted smoothing curves and generalized additive models were also performed. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounding factors, it was found that female serum copper was positively correlated with serum E2. The relationship between serum copper and E2 showed an inverted U-shaped curve (inflection point: 28.57 μmol/L). Serum selenium in women was negatively correlated with serum E2, and in the subgroup of women aged 25-55, the relationship between serum selenium and E2 showed an inverted U-shaped curve (inflection point: 1.39 μmol/L). There was no correlation between serum zinc and serum E2 in women. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed a correlation between serum copper and selenium and serum E2 in women and identified an inflection point for each.