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Molecular Characterization of Germin-like Protein Genes in Zea mays (ZmGLPs) Using Various In Silico Approaches
[Image: see text] Germin (GER) and germin-like proteins (GLPs) play an important role in various plant processes. Zea mays contains 26 germin-like protein genes (ZmGLPs) located on chromosomes 2, 4, and 10; most of which are functionally unexplored. The present study aimed to characterize all ZmGLPs...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10173433/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37179620 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c01104 |
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author | Ilyas, Muhammad Ali, Iftikhar Nasser Binjawhar, Dalal Ullah, Sami Eldin, Sayed M Ali, Baber Iqbal, Rashid Bokhari, Syed Habib Ali Mahmood, Tariq |
author_facet | Ilyas, Muhammad Ali, Iftikhar Nasser Binjawhar, Dalal Ullah, Sami Eldin, Sayed M Ali, Baber Iqbal, Rashid Bokhari, Syed Habib Ali Mahmood, Tariq |
author_sort | Ilyas, Muhammad |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] Germin (GER) and germin-like proteins (GLPs) play an important role in various plant processes. Zea mays contains 26 germin-like protein genes (ZmGLPs) located on chromosomes 2, 4, and 10; most of which are functionally unexplored. The present study aimed to characterize all ZmGLPs using the latest computational tools. All of them were studied at a physicochemical, subcellular, structural, and functional level, and their expression was predicted in plant development, against biotic and abiotic stresses using various in silico approaches. Overall, ZmGLPs showed greater similarity in their physicochemical properties, domain architecture, and structure, mostly localized in the cytoplasmic or extracellular regions. Phylogenetically, they have a narrow genetic background with a recent history of gene duplication events on chromosome 4. Functional analysis revealed novel enzymatic activities of phosphoglycolate phosphatase, adenosylhomocysteinase, phosphoglycolate phosphatase-like, osmotin/thaumatin-like, and acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase largely mediated by disulfide bonding. Expression analysis revealed their crucial role in the root, root tips, crown root, elongation and maturation zones, radicle, and cortex with the highest expression being observed during germination and at the maturity levels. Further, ZmGLPs showed strong expression against biotic (Aspergillus flavus, Colletotrichum graminicola, Cercospora zeina, Fusarium verticillioides, and Fusarium virguliforme) while limited expression was noted against abiotic stresses. Concisely, our results provide a platform for additional functional exploration of the ZmGLP genes against various environmental stresses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10173433 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101734332023-05-12 Molecular Characterization of Germin-like Protein Genes in Zea mays (ZmGLPs) Using Various In Silico Approaches Ilyas, Muhammad Ali, Iftikhar Nasser Binjawhar, Dalal Ullah, Sami Eldin, Sayed M Ali, Baber Iqbal, Rashid Bokhari, Syed Habib Ali Mahmood, Tariq ACS Omega [Image: see text] Germin (GER) and germin-like proteins (GLPs) play an important role in various plant processes. Zea mays contains 26 germin-like protein genes (ZmGLPs) located on chromosomes 2, 4, and 10; most of which are functionally unexplored. The present study aimed to characterize all ZmGLPs using the latest computational tools. All of them were studied at a physicochemical, subcellular, structural, and functional level, and their expression was predicted in plant development, against biotic and abiotic stresses using various in silico approaches. Overall, ZmGLPs showed greater similarity in their physicochemical properties, domain architecture, and structure, mostly localized in the cytoplasmic or extracellular regions. Phylogenetically, they have a narrow genetic background with a recent history of gene duplication events on chromosome 4. Functional analysis revealed novel enzymatic activities of phosphoglycolate phosphatase, adenosylhomocysteinase, phosphoglycolate phosphatase-like, osmotin/thaumatin-like, and acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase largely mediated by disulfide bonding. Expression analysis revealed their crucial role in the root, root tips, crown root, elongation and maturation zones, radicle, and cortex with the highest expression being observed during germination and at the maturity levels. Further, ZmGLPs showed strong expression against biotic (Aspergillus flavus, Colletotrichum graminicola, Cercospora zeina, Fusarium verticillioides, and Fusarium virguliforme) while limited expression was noted against abiotic stresses. Concisely, our results provide a platform for additional functional exploration of the ZmGLP genes against various environmental stresses. American Chemical Society 2023-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10173433/ /pubmed/37179620 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c01104 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Ilyas, Muhammad Ali, Iftikhar Nasser Binjawhar, Dalal Ullah, Sami Eldin, Sayed M Ali, Baber Iqbal, Rashid Bokhari, Syed Habib Ali Mahmood, Tariq Molecular Characterization of Germin-like Protein Genes in Zea mays (ZmGLPs) Using Various In Silico Approaches |
title | Molecular Characterization
of Germin-like Protein
Genes in Zea mays (ZmGLPs) Using Various In Silico Approaches |
title_full | Molecular Characterization
of Germin-like Protein
Genes in Zea mays (ZmGLPs) Using Various In Silico Approaches |
title_fullStr | Molecular Characterization
of Germin-like Protein
Genes in Zea mays (ZmGLPs) Using Various In Silico Approaches |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Characterization
of Germin-like Protein
Genes in Zea mays (ZmGLPs) Using Various In Silico Approaches |
title_short | Molecular Characterization
of Germin-like Protein
Genes in Zea mays (ZmGLPs) Using Various In Silico Approaches |
title_sort | molecular characterization
of germin-like protein
genes in zea mays (zmglps) using various in silico approaches |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10173433/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37179620 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c01104 |
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