Natriuretic peptides as predictors for atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation: A meta-analysis

Catheter ablation (CA) has become the first-line treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF) but remains with a substantial recurrence rate. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the association between baseline natriuretic peptide levels and AF recurrence after CA. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Wiley-Cochrane Library for relevant studies published up until May 2022. Overall effect analysis and subgroup analysis were performed with Review Manager software. RESULTS: Finally, 61 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in our meta-analysis. Compared with the nonrecurrence group, the recurrence group had increased baseline level of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.56), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31–0.71), N-terminal pro-BNP (SMD = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.49–0.92), and midregional N-terminal pro-ANP (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.27–1.56). CONCLUSIONS: Increased baseline natriuretic peptide levels, including ANP, BNP, N-terminal pro-BNP, and midregional N-terminal pro-ANP, are associated with a higher risk of AF recurrence after CA. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to elucidate the predictive value of baseline natriuretic peptides in AF patients undergoing CA.