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Elucidation of sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid biosynthesis in the oleaginous marine protist Schizochytrium sp.
Sterols constitute vital structural and regulatory components of eukaryotic cells. In the oleaginous microorganism Schizochytrium sp. S31, the sterol biosynthetic pathway primarily produces cholesterol, stigmasterol, lanosterol, and cycloartenol. However, the sterol biosynthesis pathway and its func...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10174431/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37180050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1188461 |
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author | Bi, Yali Guo, Pengfei Liu, Liangsen Chen, Lei Zhang, Weiwen |
author_facet | Bi, Yali Guo, Pengfei Liu, Liangsen Chen, Lei Zhang, Weiwen |
author_sort | Bi, Yali |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sterols constitute vital structural and regulatory components of eukaryotic cells. In the oleaginous microorganism Schizochytrium sp. S31, the sterol biosynthetic pathway primarily produces cholesterol, stigmasterol, lanosterol, and cycloartenol. However, the sterol biosynthesis pathway and its functional roles in Schizochytrium remain unidentified. Through Schizochytrium genomic data mining and a chemical biology approach, we first in silico elucidated the mevalonate and sterol biosynthesis pathways of Schizochytrium. The results showed that owing to the lack of plastids in Schizochytrium, it is likely to use the mevalonate pathway as the terpenoid backbone pathway to supply isopentenyl diphosphate for the synthesis of sterols, similar to that in fungi and animals. In addition, our analysis revealed a chimeric organization of the Schizochytrium sterol biosynthesis pathway, which possesses features of both algae and animal pathways. Temporal tracking of sterol profiles reveals that sterols play important roles in Schizochytrium growth, carotenoid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis. Furthermore, the dynamics of fatty acid and transcription levels of genes involved in fatty acid upon chemical inhibitor-induced sterol inhibition reveal possible co-regulation of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, as the inhibition of sterol synthesis could promote the accumulation of fatty acid in Schizochytrium. Sterol and carotenoid metabolisms are also found possibly co-regulated, as the inhibition of sterols led to decreased carotenoid synthesis through down-regulating the gene HMGR and crtIBY in Schizochytrium. Together, elucidation of the Schizochytrium sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid synthesis lay the essential foundation for engineering Schizochytrium for the sustainable production of lipids and high-value chemicals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10174431 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101744312023-05-12 Elucidation of sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid biosynthesis in the oleaginous marine protist Schizochytrium sp. Bi, Yali Guo, Pengfei Liu, Liangsen Chen, Lei Zhang, Weiwen Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology Sterols constitute vital structural and regulatory components of eukaryotic cells. In the oleaginous microorganism Schizochytrium sp. S31, the sterol biosynthetic pathway primarily produces cholesterol, stigmasterol, lanosterol, and cycloartenol. However, the sterol biosynthesis pathway and its functional roles in Schizochytrium remain unidentified. Through Schizochytrium genomic data mining and a chemical biology approach, we first in silico elucidated the mevalonate and sterol biosynthesis pathways of Schizochytrium. The results showed that owing to the lack of plastids in Schizochytrium, it is likely to use the mevalonate pathway as the terpenoid backbone pathway to supply isopentenyl diphosphate for the synthesis of sterols, similar to that in fungi and animals. In addition, our analysis revealed a chimeric organization of the Schizochytrium sterol biosynthesis pathway, which possesses features of both algae and animal pathways. Temporal tracking of sterol profiles reveals that sterols play important roles in Schizochytrium growth, carotenoid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis. Furthermore, the dynamics of fatty acid and transcription levels of genes involved in fatty acid upon chemical inhibitor-induced sterol inhibition reveal possible co-regulation of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, as the inhibition of sterol synthesis could promote the accumulation of fatty acid in Schizochytrium. Sterol and carotenoid metabolisms are also found possibly co-regulated, as the inhibition of sterols led to decreased carotenoid synthesis through down-regulating the gene HMGR and crtIBY in Schizochytrium. Together, elucidation of the Schizochytrium sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid synthesis lay the essential foundation for engineering Schizochytrium for the sustainable production of lipids and high-value chemicals. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10174431/ /pubmed/37180050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1188461 Text en Copyright © 2023 Bi, Guo, Liu, Chen and Zhang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Bioengineering and Biotechnology Bi, Yali Guo, Pengfei Liu, Liangsen Chen, Lei Zhang, Weiwen Elucidation of sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid biosynthesis in the oleaginous marine protist Schizochytrium sp. |
title | Elucidation of sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid biosynthesis in the oleaginous marine protist Schizochytrium sp. |
title_full | Elucidation of sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid biosynthesis in the oleaginous marine protist Schizochytrium sp. |
title_fullStr | Elucidation of sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid biosynthesis in the oleaginous marine protist Schizochytrium sp. |
title_full_unstemmed | Elucidation of sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid biosynthesis in the oleaginous marine protist Schizochytrium sp. |
title_short | Elucidation of sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid biosynthesis in the oleaginous marine protist Schizochytrium sp. |
title_sort | elucidation of sterol biosynthesis pathway and its co-regulation with fatty acid biosynthesis in the oleaginous marine protist schizochytrium sp. |
topic | Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10174431/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37180050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1188461 |
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