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Efficacy of a Mobile Phone–Based Intervention on Health Behaviors and HIV/AIDS Treatment Management: Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is considered the most important intervention for HIV-positive patients; thus, encouraging the use of and adherence to ART are vital to HIV treatment outcomes. Advances in web and mobile technologies hold potential in supporting HIV treatment management. OBJE...

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Autores principales: Tran, Bach Xuan, Bui, Thu Minh, Do, Anh Linh, Boyer, Laurent, Auquier, Pascal, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Anh Hai Tran, Ngo, Toan Van, Latkin, Carl A, Zhang, Melvyn W B, Ho, Cyrus S H, Ho, Roger C M
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: JMIR Publications 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10176129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37104001
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/43432
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author Tran, Bach Xuan
Bui, Thu Minh
Do, Anh Linh
Boyer, Laurent
Auquier, Pascal
Nguyen, Long Hoang
Nguyen, Anh Hai Tran
Ngo, Toan Van
Latkin, Carl A
Zhang, Melvyn W B
Ho, Cyrus S H
Ho, Roger C M
author_facet Tran, Bach Xuan
Bui, Thu Minh
Do, Anh Linh
Boyer, Laurent
Auquier, Pascal
Nguyen, Long Hoang
Nguyen, Anh Hai Tran
Ngo, Toan Van
Latkin, Carl A
Zhang, Melvyn W B
Ho, Cyrus S H
Ho, Roger C M
author_sort Tran, Bach Xuan
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is considered the most important intervention for HIV-positive patients; thus, encouraging the use of and adherence to ART are vital to HIV treatment outcomes. Advances in web and mobile technologies hold potential in supporting HIV treatment management. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a theory-based mobile health (mHealth) intervention on health behaviors and HIV treatment adherence among patients with HIV/AIDS in Vietnam. METHODS: We performed a randomized controlled trial on 425 HIV patients in two of the largest HIV clinics in Hanoi, Vietnam. Both the intervention group (238 patients) and the control group (187 patients) received regular consultations with doctors and then participated in 1-month and 3-month follow-up visits. Patients in the intervention group received a theory-driven smartphone app to facilitate medication adherence and self-efficacy in HIV patients. Measurements were developed based on the Health Belief Model, which included the visual analog scale of ART Adherence, HIV Treatment Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale, and HIV Symptom Management Self-Efficacy Scale. We also included the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess patients’ mental health throughout treatment. RESULTS: In the intervention group, the adherence score increased significantly (β=1.07, 95% CI .24-1.90) after 1 month, whereas the HIV adherence self-efficacy was significantly higher after 3 months (β=2.17, 95% CI 2.07-2.27) compared to the control group. There was a positive but low level of change in risk behaviors such as drinking, smoking, and drug use. Factors related to positive change in adherence were being employed and having stable mental well-being (lower PHQ-9 scores). Factors associated with self-efficacy in treatment adherence and symptom management were gender, occupation, younger age, and having no other underlying conditions. A longer duration of ART increased treatment adherence but decreased self-efficacy in symptom management. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that the mHealth app could improve the overall ART adherence self-efficacy of patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to support our findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20220928003; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20220928003
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spelling pubmed-101761292023-05-13 Efficacy of a Mobile Phone–Based Intervention on Health Behaviors and HIV/AIDS Treatment Management: Randomized Controlled Trial Tran, Bach Xuan Bui, Thu Minh Do, Anh Linh Boyer, Laurent Auquier, Pascal Nguyen, Long Hoang Nguyen, Anh Hai Tran Ngo, Toan Van Latkin, Carl A Zhang, Melvyn W B Ho, Cyrus S H Ho, Roger C M J Med Internet Res Original Paper BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is considered the most important intervention for HIV-positive patients; thus, encouraging the use of and adherence to ART are vital to HIV treatment outcomes. Advances in web and mobile technologies hold potential in supporting HIV treatment management. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a theory-based mobile health (mHealth) intervention on health behaviors and HIV treatment adherence among patients with HIV/AIDS in Vietnam. METHODS: We performed a randomized controlled trial on 425 HIV patients in two of the largest HIV clinics in Hanoi, Vietnam. Both the intervention group (238 patients) and the control group (187 patients) received regular consultations with doctors and then participated in 1-month and 3-month follow-up visits. Patients in the intervention group received a theory-driven smartphone app to facilitate medication adherence and self-efficacy in HIV patients. Measurements were developed based on the Health Belief Model, which included the visual analog scale of ART Adherence, HIV Treatment Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale, and HIV Symptom Management Self-Efficacy Scale. We also included the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess patients’ mental health throughout treatment. RESULTS: In the intervention group, the adherence score increased significantly (β=1.07, 95% CI .24-1.90) after 1 month, whereas the HIV adherence self-efficacy was significantly higher after 3 months (β=2.17, 95% CI 2.07-2.27) compared to the control group. There was a positive but low level of change in risk behaviors such as drinking, smoking, and drug use. Factors related to positive change in adherence were being employed and having stable mental well-being (lower PHQ-9 scores). Factors associated with self-efficacy in treatment adherence and symptom management were gender, occupation, younger age, and having no other underlying conditions. A longer duration of ART increased treatment adherence but decreased self-efficacy in symptom management. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that the mHealth app could improve the overall ART adherence self-efficacy of patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to support our findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20220928003; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20220928003 JMIR Publications 2023-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10176129/ /pubmed/37104001 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/43432 Text en ©Bach Xuan Tran, Thu Minh Bui, Anh Linh Do, Laurent Boyer, Pascal Auquier, Long Hoang Nguyen, Anh Hai Tran Nguyen, Toan Van Ngo, Carl A Latkin, Melvyn W B Zhang, Cyrus S H Ho, Roger C M Ho. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 27.04.2023. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
spellingShingle Original Paper
Tran, Bach Xuan
Bui, Thu Minh
Do, Anh Linh
Boyer, Laurent
Auquier, Pascal
Nguyen, Long Hoang
Nguyen, Anh Hai Tran
Ngo, Toan Van
Latkin, Carl A
Zhang, Melvyn W B
Ho, Cyrus S H
Ho, Roger C M
Efficacy of a Mobile Phone–Based Intervention on Health Behaviors and HIV/AIDS Treatment Management: Randomized Controlled Trial
title Efficacy of a Mobile Phone–Based Intervention on Health Behaviors and HIV/AIDS Treatment Management: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full Efficacy of a Mobile Phone–Based Intervention on Health Behaviors and HIV/AIDS Treatment Management: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_fullStr Efficacy of a Mobile Phone–Based Intervention on Health Behaviors and HIV/AIDS Treatment Management: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy of a Mobile Phone–Based Intervention on Health Behaviors and HIV/AIDS Treatment Management: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_short Efficacy of a Mobile Phone–Based Intervention on Health Behaviors and HIV/AIDS Treatment Management: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_sort efficacy of a mobile phone–based intervention on health behaviors and hiv/aids treatment management: randomized controlled trial
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10176129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37104001
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/43432
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