Determining the Proximity Effect-Induced Magnetic Moment in Graphene by Polarized Neutron Reflectivity and X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism

[Image: see text] We report the magnitude of the induced magnetic moment in CVD-grown epitaxial and rotated-domain graphene in proximity with a ferromagnetic Ni film, using polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The XMCD spectra at the C K-edge confirm the presence of a magnetic signal in the graphene layer, and the sum rules give a magnetic moment of up to ∼0.47 μ(B)/C atom induced in the graphene layer. For a more precise estimation, we conducted PNR measurements. The PNR results indicate an induced magnetic moment of ∼0.41 μ(B)/C atom at 10 K for epitaxial and rotated-domain graphene. Additional PNR measurements on graphene grown on a nonmagnetic Ni(9)Mo(1) substrate, where no magnetic moment in graphene is measured, suggest that the origin of the induced magnetic moment is due to the opening of the graphene’s Dirac cone as a result of the strong C p(z)-Ni 3d hybridization.