Comorbid pain and falls among Chinese older adults: the association, healthcare utilization and the role of subjective and objective physical functioning

BACKGROUND: Pain and falls are significant disabling health conditions which cause substantial economic burdens on older adults and their families. Physical functioning (both subjective and objective) might play a significant role in older adults’ pain and falls. In this study we aimed to examine: (1) the relationship between pain and falls among Chinese older adults; (2) pain-fall status (i.e., comorbid pain-fall, pain-only, fall-only, and neither-pain-nor-fall) in relation to healthcare utilization; and (3) whether physical functioning measured either subjectively or objectively would contribute differently to the pain intensity and to the occurrence of falls. METHODS: We used a nationally-representative sample of older adults from the 2011–2012 baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (N = 4,461, aged 60–95 years). Logistic, linear, and negative binomial models adjusted for demographic variables were used in the analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 36% of older adults reported pain, 20% had fall occurrences, and 11% had comorbid pain and falls. Pain intensity was significantly associated with falls. Individuals in groups of pain-only, fall-only, and comorbid pain-fall reported significantly higher healthcare utilization, that is, more frequent inpatient care and doctor visits than those in the neither-pain-nor-fall group. Subjective, not objective, physical functioning was associated with pain and falls. CONCLUSION: Pain and falls are significantly associated with each other, and both can lead to increased healthcare utilization. Compared to objective physical functioning, subjective physical functioning is more likely to correlate with pain and falls, suggesting that self-reported physical status should be considered when designing pain-fall preventive strategies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-023-03901-6.