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Depression and Anxiety Symptoms “Among the Waves” of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Adjustment Disorder Patients

The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions caused great psychological suffering to the general population and psychiatric patients. We aimed to explore the course of depression and anxiety symptoms in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, adjustment disorder (AD) patients, and par...

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Autores principales: D’Urso, Giordano, Pomes, Mattia Vittorio, Magliacano, Alfonso, Iuliano, Carla, Lamberti, Hekla, Manzo, Marco, Mariniello, Teresa Sissy, Iasevoli, Felice, de Bartolomeis, Andrea
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10178152/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37174803
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11091261
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author D’Urso, Giordano
Pomes, Mattia Vittorio
Magliacano, Alfonso
Iuliano, Carla
Lamberti, Hekla
Manzo, Marco
Mariniello, Teresa Sissy
Iasevoli, Felice
de Bartolomeis, Andrea
author_facet D’Urso, Giordano
Pomes, Mattia Vittorio
Magliacano, Alfonso
Iuliano, Carla
Lamberti, Hekla
Manzo, Marco
Mariniello, Teresa Sissy
Iasevoli, Felice
de Bartolomeis, Andrea
author_sort D’Urso, Giordano
collection PubMed
description The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions caused great psychological suffering to the general population and psychiatric patients. We aimed to explore the course of depression and anxiety symptoms in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, adjustment disorder (AD) patients, and participants without psychiatric disorders (control group, CG) across the different phases of the pandemic: the first lockdown, a temporary interruption of restrictions, and the second lockdown. Out of the 158 patients screened, we enrolled 46 OCD and 19 AD patients as well as 29 CG participants. The Beck Depression Inventory-II and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y were administered to all participants at each time point. The results showed different symptom severities among the groups throughout the whole study, with OCD patients always scoring higher than AD patients and the CG, and the AD patients always scoring higher than the CG. The symptom course within each group was different. OCD patients’ symptoms sharply worsened during the first lockdown and then remained stable irrespective of the subsequent pandemic phases. In the AD and CG groups, symptoms waxed and waned following the fluctuations of the restriction provisions, with a complete return to the baseline when the restrictions were stopped only in the CG. These findings suggest that the influence of the pandemic and of the associated restrictions on depression and anxiety manifestations may vary depending on the particular pre-existing mental health status.
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spelling pubmed-101781522023-05-13 Depression and Anxiety Symptoms “Among the Waves” of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Adjustment Disorder Patients D’Urso, Giordano Pomes, Mattia Vittorio Magliacano, Alfonso Iuliano, Carla Lamberti, Hekla Manzo, Marco Mariniello, Teresa Sissy Iasevoli, Felice de Bartolomeis, Andrea Healthcare (Basel) Article The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions caused great psychological suffering to the general population and psychiatric patients. We aimed to explore the course of depression and anxiety symptoms in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, adjustment disorder (AD) patients, and participants without psychiatric disorders (control group, CG) across the different phases of the pandemic: the first lockdown, a temporary interruption of restrictions, and the second lockdown. Out of the 158 patients screened, we enrolled 46 OCD and 19 AD patients as well as 29 CG participants. The Beck Depression Inventory-II and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y were administered to all participants at each time point. The results showed different symptom severities among the groups throughout the whole study, with OCD patients always scoring higher than AD patients and the CG, and the AD patients always scoring higher than the CG. The symptom course within each group was different. OCD patients’ symptoms sharply worsened during the first lockdown and then remained stable irrespective of the subsequent pandemic phases. In the AD and CG groups, symptoms waxed and waned following the fluctuations of the restriction provisions, with a complete return to the baseline when the restrictions were stopped only in the CG. These findings suggest that the influence of the pandemic and of the associated restrictions on depression and anxiety manifestations may vary depending on the particular pre-existing mental health status. MDPI 2023-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10178152/ /pubmed/37174803 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11091261 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
D’Urso, Giordano
Pomes, Mattia Vittorio
Magliacano, Alfonso
Iuliano, Carla
Lamberti, Hekla
Manzo, Marco
Mariniello, Teresa Sissy
Iasevoli, Felice
de Bartolomeis, Andrea
Depression and Anxiety Symptoms “Among the Waves” of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Adjustment Disorder Patients
title Depression and Anxiety Symptoms “Among the Waves” of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Adjustment Disorder Patients
title_full Depression and Anxiety Symptoms “Among the Waves” of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Adjustment Disorder Patients
title_fullStr Depression and Anxiety Symptoms “Among the Waves” of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Adjustment Disorder Patients
title_full_unstemmed Depression and Anxiety Symptoms “Among the Waves” of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Adjustment Disorder Patients
title_short Depression and Anxiety Symptoms “Among the Waves” of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Adjustment Disorder Patients
title_sort depression and anxiety symptoms “among the waves” of the covid-19 pandemic in obsessive compulsive disorder and adjustment disorder patients
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10178152/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37174803
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11091261
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