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Safety Evaluation and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Cow Milk Produced in Northern Italy According to Dioxins and PCBs Contamination Levels
Contamination levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were monitored over 2018–2021 in 214 bovine milk samples from farms located in two regions in northern Italy (Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna). The average concentrations of the sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs (0.78 ± 0.55 pg TEQ/g...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10178383/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37174407 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12091869 |
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author | Varrà, Maria Olga Lorenzi, Valentina Zanardi, Emanuela Menotta, Simonetta Fedrizzi, Giorgio Angelone, Barbara Gasparini, Mara Fusi, Francesca Foschini, Stefano Padovani, Anna Ghidini, Sergio |
author_facet | Varrà, Maria Olga Lorenzi, Valentina Zanardi, Emanuela Menotta, Simonetta Fedrizzi, Giorgio Angelone, Barbara Gasparini, Mara Fusi, Francesca Foschini, Stefano Padovani, Anna Ghidini, Sergio |
author_sort | Varrà, Maria Olga |
collection | PubMed |
description | Contamination levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were monitored over 2018–2021 in 214 bovine milk samples from farms located in two regions in northern Italy (Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna). The average concentrations of the sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs (0.78 ± 0.55 pg TEQ/g fat) and six non-dioxin-like PCBs (6.55 ± 2.24 ng/g fat) were largely below the maximum, and action limits established at European level, confirming a decreasing trend observed both locally and across Europe in recent years. The impact of contamination levels on chronic dietary exposure of the Italian population to dioxins and PCBs was found to be highly variable based on the type of cow milk (skimmed, semi-skimmed, or whole-fat milk) and the population age group considered. Indeed, a first-tier screening of the potential exposure via determinist methods allowed for the identification of the youngest population as the group with the worst risk profile. The refinement of exposure assessment via Monte Carlo probabilistic methods suggested that, at the less pessimistic middle-bound simulation scenario, infants, toddlers, and children consuming whole cow milk may be exposed to dioxins and PCBs levels above the toxicological reference values with a probability of 76, 56, and 22%, respectively. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10178383 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101783832023-05-13 Safety Evaluation and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Cow Milk Produced in Northern Italy According to Dioxins and PCBs Contamination Levels Varrà, Maria Olga Lorenzi, Valentina Zanardi, Emanuela Menotta, Simonetta Fedrizzi, Giorgio Angelone, Barbara Gasparini, Mara Fusi, Francesca Foschini, Stefano Padovani, Anna Ghidini, Sergio Foods Article Contamination levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were monitored over 2018–2021 in 214 bovine milk samples from farms located in two regions in northern Italy (Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna). The average concentrations of the sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs (0.78 ± 0.55 pg TEQ/g fat) and six non-dioxin-like PCBs (6.55 ± 2.24 ng/g fat) were largely below the maximum, and action limits established at European level, confirming a decreasing trend observed both locally and across Europe in recent years. The impact of contamination levels on chronic dietary exposure of the Italian population to dioxins and PCBs was found to be highly variable based on the type of cow milk (skimmed, semi-skimmed, or whole-fat milk) and the population age group considered. Indeed, a first-tier screening of the potential exposure via determinist methods allowed for the identification of the youngest population as the group with the worst risk profile. The refinement of exposure assessment via Monte Carlo probabilistic methods suggested that, at the less pessimistic middle-bound simulation scenario, infants, toddlers, and children consuming whole cow milk may be exposed to dioxins and PCBs levels above the toxicological reference values with a probability of 76, 56, and 22%, respectively. MDPI 2023-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10178383/ /pubmed/37174407 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12091869 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Varrà, Maria Olga Lorenzi, Valentina Zanardi, Emanuela Menotta, Simonetta Fedrizzi, Giorgio Angelone, Barbara Gasparini, Mara Fusi, Francesca Foschini, Stefano Padovani, Anna Ghidini, Sergio Safety Evaluation and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Cow Milk Produced in Northern Italy According to Dioxins and PCBs Contamination Levels |
title | Safety Evaluation and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Cow Milk Produced in Northern Italy According to Dioxins and PCBs Contamination Levels |
title_full | Safety Evaluation and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Cow Milk Produced in Northern Italy According to Dioxins and PCBs Contamination Levels |
title_fullStr | Safety Evaluation and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Cow Milk Produced in Northern Italy According to Dioxins and PCBs Contamination Levels |
title_full_unstemmed | Safety Evaluation and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Cow Milk Produced in Northern Italy According to Dioxins and PCBs Contamination Levels |
title_short | Safety Evaluation and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Cow Milk Produced in Northern Italy According to Dioxins and PCBs Contamination Levels |
title_sort | safety evaluation and probabilistic health risk assessment of cow milk produced in northern italy according to dioxins and pcbs contamination levels |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10178383/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37174407 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12091869 |
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