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Growth Optimization and Rearing of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) as a Sustainable Food Source

As a sustainable food source for humans, mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) have a great deal of potential, due to the fact that they have a very favorable nutritional profile and a low environmental impact. For meal production, feed formulation and optimization are important. The mealworm Tenebrio molito...

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Autores principales: Riaz, Kanwal, Iqbal, Toheed, Khan, Sarzamin, Usman, Amjad, Al-Ghamdi, Mariam S., Shami, Ashwag, El Hadi Mohamed, Rania Ali, Almadiy, Abdulrahman A., Al Galil, Fahd Mohammed Abd, Alfuhaid, Nawal Abdulaziz, Ahmed, Nazeer, Alam, Pravej
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10178433/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37174429
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12091891
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author Riaz, Kanwal
Iqbal, Toheed
Khan, Sarzamin
Usman, Amjad
Al-Ghamdi, Mariam S.
Shami, Ashwag
El Hadi Mohamed, Rania Ali
Almadiy, Abdulrahman A.
Al Galil, Fahd Mohammed Abd
Alfuhaid, Nawal Abdulaziz
Ahmed, Nazeer
Alam, Pravej
author_facet Riaz, Kanwal
Iqbal, Toheed
Khan, Sarzamin
Usman, Amjad
Al-Ghamdi, Mariam S.
Shami, Ashwag
El Hadi Mohamed, Rania Ali
Almadiy, Abdulrahman A.
Al Galil, Fahd Mohammed Abd
Alfuhaid, Nawal Abdulaziz
Ahmed, Nazeer
Alam, Pravej
author_sort Riaz, Kanwal
collection PubMed
description As a sustainable food source for humans, mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) have a great deal of potential, due to the fact that they have a very favorable nutritional profile and a low environmental impact. For meal production, feed formulation and optimization are important. The mealworm Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is the most consumed insect in the world. Mealworms were given a variety of diets, including wheat bran as constant diet supplemented with different levels of Ospor (Bacillus clausii) at 0.002 g, 0.004 g, 0.006 g, and 0.008 g; imutec (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus) at 0.2 g. 0.4 g, 0.6 g, and 0.8 g; fungi (Calocybe indica) at 250 g, 500 g, and 750 g; yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at 50 g, 100 g, and 150 g; and wheat bran (standard diet) were examined in complete randomized design (CRD). Different parameters, i.e., the larval, pupal, and adult weight, size, life span, and nutritional profile of mealworm were studied. When compared with other insect growth promoters, only wheat bran was discovered to be the most efficient. It generated the heaviest and longest larvae at 65.03 mg and 18.32 mm, respectively, as well as pupae weighing 107.55 mg and 19.94 mm, respectively, and adults weighing 87.52 mg and 20.26 mm, respectively. It was also determined that fungi (C. indica) and ospor (B. clausii) promoted faster larval development than yeast (S. cerevisiae) and imutec (L. rhamnosus). Larval mortality was also greater in the imutec (L. rhamnosus) and yeast (S. cerevisiae) diets than the others. No pupal mortality was recorded in all diets. Furthermore, the protein content of Tenebrio. molitor raised on a diet including fungi (C. indica) was the highest at (375 g), with a content of 68.31%, followed by a concentration of (250 g) with a content of 67.84%, and wheat bran (1 kg) (normal diet) with the lowest content at 58.91%. T. molitor larvae fed a diet supplemented with bacterial and fungal had lower fat and ash content than bran-fed T. molitor larvae (standard diet). Wheat bran (normal diet) had the highest fat at 16.11%, and ash at 7.71%. Hence, it is concluded that wheat bran alone or diet containing fungi (C. indica) and ospor (B. clausii) performed better in terms of growth, and these diets and protein content are recommended for the mass rearing of mealworms.
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spelling pubmed-101784332023-05-13 Growth Optimization and Rearing of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) as a Sustainable Food Source Riaz, Kanwal Iqbal, Toheed Khan, Sarzamin Usman, Amjad Al-Ghamdi, Mariam S. Shami, Ashwag El Hadi Mohamed, Rania Ali Almadiy, Abdulrahman A. Al Galil, Fahd Mohammed Abd Alfuhaid, Nawal Abdulaziz Ahmed, Nazeer Alam, Pravej Foods Article As a sustainable food source for humans, mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) have a great deal of potential, due to the fact that they have a very favorable nutritional profile and a low environmental impact. For meal production, feed formulation and optimization are important. The mealworm Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is the most consumed insect in the world. Mealworms were given a variety of diets, including wheat bran as constant diet supplemented with different levels of Ospor (Bacillus clausii) at 0.002 g, 0.004 g, 0.006 g, and 0.008 g; imutec (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus) at 0.2 g. 0.4 g, 0.6 g, and 0.8 g; fungi (Calocybe indica) at 250 g, 500 g, and 750 g; yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at 50 g, 100 g, and 150 g; and wheat bran (standard diet) were examined in complete randomized design (CRD). Different parameters, i.e., the larval, pupal, and adult weight, size, life span, and nutritional profile of mealworm were studied. When compared with other insect growth promoters, only wheat bran was discovered to be the most efficient. It generated the heaviest and longest larvae at 65.03 mg and 18.32 mm, respectively, as well as pupae weighing 107.55 mg and 19.94 mm, respectively, and adults weighing 87.52 mg and 20.26 mm, respectively. It was also determined that fungi (C. indica) and ospor (B. clausii) promoted faster larval development than yeast (S. cerevisiae) and imutec (L. rhamnosus). Larval mortality was also greater in the imutec (L. rhamnosus) and yeast (S. cerevisiae) diets than the others. No pupal mortality was recorded in all diets. Furthermore, the protein content of Tenebrio. molitor raised on a diet including fungi (C. indica) was the highest at (375 g), with a content of 68.31%, followed by a concentration of (250 g) with a content of 67.84%, and wheat bran (1 kg) (normal diet) with the lowest content at 58.91%. T. molitor larvae fed a diet supplemented with bacterial and fungal had lower fat and ash content than bran-fed T. molitor larvae (standard diet). Wheat bran (normal diet) had the highest fat at 16.11%, and ash at 7.71%. Hence, it is concluded that wheat bran alone or diet containing fungi (C. indica) and ospor (B. clausii) performed better in terms of growth, and these diets and protein content are recommended for the mass rearing of mealworms. MDPI 2023-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10178433/ /pubmed/37174429 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12091891 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Riaz, Kanwal
Iqbal, Toheed
Khan, Sarzamin
Usman, Amjad
Al-Ghamdi, Mariam S.
Shami, Ashwag
El Hadi Mohamed, Rania Ali
Almadiy, Abdulrahman A.
Al Galil, Fahd Mohammed Abd
Alfuhaid, Nawal Abdulaziz
Ahmed, Nazeer
Alam, Pravej
Growth Optimization and Rearing of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) as a Sustainable Food Source
title Growth Optimization and Rearing of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) as a Sustainable Food Source
title_full Growth Optimization and Rearing of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) as a Sustainable Food Source
title_fullStr Growth Optimization and Rearing of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) as a Sustainable Food Source
title_full_unstemmed Growth Optimization and Rearing of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) as a Sustainable Food Source
title_short Growth Optimization and Rearing of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) as a Sustainable Food Source
title_sort growth optimization and rearing of mealworm (tenebrio molitor l.) as a sustainable food source
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10178433/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37174429
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12091891
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