A Novel Spectral Index for Tracking Preload Change from a Wireless, Wearable Doppler Ultrasound

A wireless, wearable Doppler ultrasound offers a new paradigm for linking physiology to resuscitation medicine. To this end, the image analysis of simultaneously-acquired venous and arterial Doppler spectrograms attained by wearable ultrasound represents a new source of hemodynamic data. Previous investigators have reported a direct relationship between the central venous pressure (CVP) and the ratio of the internal jugular-to-common carotid artery diameters. Because Doppler power is directly related to the number of red cell scatterers within a vessel, we hypothesized that (1) the ratio of internal jugular-to-carotid artery Doppler power (V/A(POWER)) would be a surrogate for the ratio of the vascular areas of these two vessels and (2) the V/A(POWER) would track the anticipated CVP change during simulated hemorrhage and resuscitation. To illustrate this proof-of-principle, we compared the change in V/A(POWER) obtained via a wireless, wearable Doppler ultrasound to B-mode ultrasound images during a head-down tilt. Additionally, we elucidated the change in the V/A(POWER) during simulated hemorrhage and transfusion via lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and release. With these Interesting Images, we show that the Doppler V/A(POWER) ratio qualitatively tracks anticipated changes in CVP (e.g., cardiac preload) which is promising for both diagnosis and management of hemodynamic unrest.