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Patterns of Cognitive Impairment in Hemodialysis Patients and Related Factors including Depression and Anxiety

Introduction: Hemodialysis patients are at higher risk of developing cognitive impairment, but the pattern of affected cognitive domains is still undetermined. Little is also known about the symptoms of depression and anxiety in hemodialysis patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we inclu...

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Autores principales: Golenia, Aleksandra, Żołek, Norbert, Olejnik, Piotr, Żebrowski, Paweł, Małyszko, Jolanta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10179667/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37176560
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093119
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author Golenia, Aleksandra
Żołek, Norbert
Olejnik, Piotr
Żebrowski, Paweł
Małyszko, Jolanta
author_facet Golenia, Aleksandra
Żołek, Norbert
Olejnik, Piotr
Żebrowski, Paweł
Małyszko, Jolanta
author_sort Golenia, Aleksandra
collection PubMed
description Introduction: Hemodialysis patients are at higher risk of developing cognitive impairment, but the pattern of affected cognitive domains is still undetermined. Little is also known about the symptoms of depression and anxiety in hemodialysis patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 74 consecutive adult patients undergoing hemodialysis. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Addenbrooke Cognitive Test III. In addition, all patients were screened for symptoms of depression and anxiety using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: The mean age of hemodialysis patients was 65.69 ± 14 years. Among the patients, there were 27% and 31% of patients with mild cognitive impairment and suspected dementia, respectively. In the group of patients with suspected dementia, all cognitive functions had significantly lower values compared to these functions in incognitively unimpaired and mild cognitive impairment patients. The most impaired domain was verbal fluency, which reflects impairments in executive function. Depression and anxiety symptoms were observed in 28% and 22% of patients, respectively. Patients with anxiety symptoms had higher levels of endogenous creatinine, parathyroid hormone, and hemoglobin, as well as decreased creatinine clearance, being younger and less educated. No factors contributing to the occurrence of depressive symptoms were found. Conclusion: Cognitive dysfunction is a significant problem in hemodialysis patients. Our study showed that the prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression and anxiety symptoms in hemodialysis patients was high. The domain of executive functions was most affected. Furthermore, creatinine, parathyroid hormone, hemoglobin levels, creatinine clearance, and education affected the anxiety scale score.
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spelling pubmed-101796672023-05-13 Patterns of Cognitive Impairment in Hemodialysis Patients and Related Factors including Depression and Anxiety Golenia, Aleksandra Żołek, Norbert Olejnik, Piotr Żebrowski, Paweł Małyszko, Jolanta J Clin Med Article Introduction: Hemodialysis patients are at higher risk of developing cognitive impairment, but the pattern of affected cognitive domains is still undetermined. Little is also known about the symptoms of depression and anxiety in hemodialysis patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 74 consecutive adult patients undergoing hemodialysis. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Addenbrooke Cognitive Test III. In addition, all patients were screened for symptoms of depression and anxiety using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: The mean age of hemodialysis patients was 65.69 ± 14 years. Among the patients, there were 27% and 31% of patients with mild cognitive impairment and suspected dementia, respectively. In the group of patients with suspected dementia, all cognitive functions had significantly lower values compared to these functions in incognitively unimpaired and mild cognitive impairment patients. The most impaired domain was verbal fluency, which reflects impairments in executive function. Depression and anxiety symptoms were observed in 28% and 22% of patients, respectively. Patients with anxiety symptoms had higher levels of endogenous creatinine, parathyroid hormone, and hemoglobin, as well as decreased creatinine clearance, being younger and less educated. No factors contributing to the occurrence of depressive symptoms were found. Conclusion: Cognitive dysfunction is a significant problem in hemodialysis patients. Our study showed that the prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression and anxiety symptoms in hemodialysis patients was high. The domain of executive functions was most affected. Furthermore, creatinine, parathyroid hormone, hemoglobin levels, creatinine clearance, and education affected the anxiety scale score. MDPI 2023-04-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10179667/ /pubmed/37176560 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093119 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Golenia, Aleksandra
Żołek, Norbert
Olejnik, Piotr
Żebrowski, Paweł
Małyszko, Jolanta
Patterns of Cognitive Impairment in Hemodialysis Patients and Related Factors including Depression and Anxiety
title Patterns of Cognitive Impairment in Hemodialysis Patients and Related Factors including Depression and Anxiety
title_full Patterns of Cognitive Impairment in Hemodialysis Patients and Related Factors including Depression and Anxiety
title_fullStr Patterns of Cognitive Impairment in Hemodialysis Patients and Related Factors including Depression and Anxiety
title_full_unstemmed Patterns of Cognitive Impairment in Hemodialysis Patients and Related Factors including Depression and Anxiety
title_short Patterns of Cognitive Impairment in Hemodialysis Patients and Related Factors including Depression and Anxiety
title_sort patterns of cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients and related factors including depression and anxiety
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10179667/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37176560
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093119
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