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The Clinical Significance of Serum Free Light Chains in Bladder Cancer

This research aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of serum kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) free light chains (FLCs) in patients with bladder cancer (BC). One hundred samples were collected and analysed from healthy volunteers (C) and bladder cancer patients. Cancer patients were divided into two subgro...

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Autores principales: Gudowska-Sawczuk, Monika, Kudelski, Jacek, Olkowicz, Michał, Młynarczyk, Grzegorz, Chłosta, Piotr, Mroczko, Barbara
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10179731/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37176734
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093294
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author Gudowska-Sawczuk, Monika
Kudelski, Jacek
Olkowicz, Michał
Młynarczyk, Grzegorz
Chłosta, Piotr
Mroczko, Barbara
author_facet Gudowska-Sawczuk, Monika
Kudelski, Jacek
Olkowicz, Michał
Młynarczyk, Grzegorz
Chłosta, Piotr
Mroczko, Barbara
author_sort Gudowska-Sawczuk, Monika
collection PubMed
description This research aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of serum kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) free light chains (FLCs) in patients with bladder cancer (BC). One hundred samples were collected and analysed from healthy volunteers (C) and bladder cancer patients. Cancer patients were divided into two subgroups: low-grade (LG) and high-grade cancer (HG). Concentrations of FLCs, CEA, CA19-9, creatinine and urea were measured per manufacturers’ guidelines. The concentrations of κ and λ FLCs and CEA were significantly higher in BC patients in comparison to the control group. Moreover, the concentrations of κ and λ FLCs and CEA were significantly higher in both low-grade as well as high-grade cancer in comparison to the controls. The levels of κ and λ FLCs differed between tumour grades, with patients presenting higher concentrations in high-grade compared to low-grade cancer. In the total study group, κFLC correlated with λFLC, the κ:λ ratio, CRP, CEA, CA19-9, creatinine and urea. There was also a correlation between λFLC and κFLC, CRP, CEA, creatinine and urea. The λFLC showed a higher ability (sensitivity and PPV) to detect bladder cancer in comparison to κFLC and CEA. In addition, λFLC had a higher ability to exclude BC (specificity and NPV) than κFLC and CEA. λFLC also showed the highest accuracy in the detection of bladder cancer. In conclusion, the revealed differences in the concentrations of both κ and λ FLCs suggest their potential participation in bladder cancer development. Increased concentrations of free light chains in bladder cancer patients and the association with the tumour grade suggest that κ and λ FLC measurements may be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer. This is the first research that evaluates the concentration of FLCs in bladder cancer, so further studies are necessary to confirm their usefulness as tumour markers of this malignancy.
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spelling pubmed-101797312023-05-13 The Clinical Significance of Serum Free Light Chains in Bladder Cancer Gudowska-Sawczuk, Monika Kudelski, Jacek Olkowicz, Michał Młynarczyk, Grzegorz Chłosta, Piotr Mroczko, Barbara J Clin Med Article This research aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of serum kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) free light chains (FLCs) in patients with bladder cancer (BC). One hundred samples were collected and analysed from healthy volunteers (C) and bladder cancer patients. Cancer patients were divided into two subgroups: low-grade (LG) and high-grade cancer (HG). Concentrations of FLCs, CEA, CA19-9, creatinine and urea were measured per manufacturers’ guidelines. The concentrations of κ and λ FLCs and CEA were significantly higher in BC patients in comparison to the control group. Moreover, the concentrations of κ and λ FLCs and CEA were significantly higher in both low-grade as well as high-grade cancer in comparison to the controls. The levels of κ and λ FLCs differed between tumour grades, with patients presenting higher concentrations in high-grade compared to low-grade cancer. In the total study group, κFLC correlated with λFLC, the κ:λ ratio, CRP, CEA, CA19-9, creatinine and urea. There was also a correlation between λFLC and κFLC, CRP, CEA, creatinine and urea. The λFLC showed a higher ability (sensitivity and PPV) to detect bladder cancer in comparison to κFLC and CEA. In addition, λFLC had a higher ability to exclude BC (specificity and NPV) than κFLC and CEA. λFLC also showed the highest accuracy in the detection of bladder cancer. In conclusion, the revealed differences in the concentrations of both κ and λ FLCs suggest their potential participation in bladder cancer development. Increased concentrations of free light chains in bladder cancer patients and the association with the tumour grade suggest that κ and λ FLC measurements may be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer. This is the first research that evaluates the concentration of FLCs in bladder cancer, so further studies are necessary to confirm their usefulness as tumour markers of this malignancy. MDPI 2023-05-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10179731/ /pubmed/37176734 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093294 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gudowska-Sawczuk, Monika
Kudelski, Jacek
Olkowicz, Michał
Młynarczyk, Grzegorz
Chłosta, Piotr
Mroczko, Barbara
The Clinical Significance of Serum Free Light Chains in Bladder Cancer
title The Clinical Significance of Serum Free Light Chains in Bladder Cancer
title_full The Clinical Significance of Serum Free Light Chains in Bladder Cancer
title_fullStr The Clinical Significance of Serum Free Light Chains in Bladder Cancer
title_full_unstemmed The Clinical Significance of Serum Free Light Chains in Bladder Cancer
title_short The Clinical Significance of Serum Free Light Chains in Bladder Cancer
title_sort clinical significance of serum free light chains in bladder cancer
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10179731/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37176734
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093294
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