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Thermo-Chemical Modification of Cellulose for the Adsorptive Removal of Titan Yellow from Wastewater
This research work focuses on the isolation and thermo-chemical modification of cellulose and its application as an adsorbent for the removal of organic pollutants. The used cellulose was collected from a locally available plant (Olive Europa) commonly called Zaitoon. The stem branches of Zaitoon we...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10179791/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37175365 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093955 |
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author | Rahman, Ubaid Ur Humayun, Muhammad Khan, Abbas Farooq, Saima Sadiq, Muhammad Bououdina, Mohamed Shah, Nasrullah |
author_facet | Rahman, Ubaid Ur Humayun, Muhammad Khan, Abbas Farooq, Saima Sadiq, Muhammad Bououdina, Mohamed Shah, Nasrullah |
author_sort | Rahman, Ubaid Ur |
collection | PubMed |
description | This research work focuses on the isolation and thermo-chemical modification of cellulose and its application as an adsorbent for the removal of organic pollutants. The used cellulose was collected from a locally available plant (Olive Europa) commonly called Zaitoon. The stem branches of Zaitoon were collected and then kept in water for 40–45 days at room temperature to extract the cellulose fibers. These cellulose fibers were then kept in the Soxhlet apparatus for washing in n-hexane for 72 h. The purified cellulose was divided into three parts: one part was subjected to thermal activation (TAC), the second was modified chemically (CMC) with Benzyl Chloride, while the last one remained un-functionalized (UFC). All the three forms of cellulose were characterized via FTIR and SEM, then utilized for the removal of Titan Yellow (TY) dye from aqueous media via adsorption process by varying the contact time, temperature, concentration of dye and type, and dose of adsorbent. The adsorption efficiencies of all adsorbents were compared under different experimental variables. Thermally activated cellulose showed the best results for the removal of TY compared with other materials. The calculated removal percentage of TY was found to be 97.69, 94.83, 94.83, and 98% under equilibrium conditions of contact time, temperature, adsorbent dose, and TY concentration. Similarly, the uptake capacities of TAC under optimal experimental conditions were found to be 19.56, 18.96, 18.52, and 18.75 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies of TAC, CMC, and UFC showed that the values of ΔG are negative, while those of ΔH and ΔS are positive in all cases and at all temperatures. This indicates that the TY elimination process is endothermic and spontaneous with an entropy-driven nature. The obtained results indicate that the as-fabricated low-cost biomaterials can effectively remove dyes from wastewater through physicochemical interactions. The removal process was influenced by the nature of the adsorbent and the operating variables. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10179791 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101797912023-05-13 Thermo-Chemical Modification of Cellulose for the Adsorptive Removal of Titan Yellow from Wastewater Rahman, Ubaid Ur Humayun, Muhammad Khan, Abbas Farooq, Saima Sadiq, Muhammad Bououdina, Mohamed Shah, Nasrullah Molecules Article This research work focuses on the isolation and thermo-chemical modification of cellulose and its application as an adsorbent for the removal of organic pollutants. The used cellulose was collected from a locally available plant (Olive Europa) commonly called Zaitoon. The stem branches of Zaitoon were collected and then kept in water for 40–45 days at room temperature to extract the cellulose fibers. These cellulose fibers were then kept in the Soxhlet apparatus for washing in n-hexane for 72 h. The purified cellulose was divided into three parts: one part was subjected to thermal activation (TAC), the second was modified chemically (CMC) with Benzyl Chloride, while the last one remained un-functionalized (UFC). All the three forms of cellulose were characterized via FTIR and SEM, then utilized for the removal of Titan Yellow (TY) dye from aqueous media via adsorption process by varying the contact time, temperature, concentration of dye and type, and dose of adsorbent. The adsorption efficiencies of all adsorbents were compared under different experimental variables. Thermally activated cellulose showed the best results for the removal of TY compared with other materials. The calculated removal percentage of TY was found to be 97.69, 94.83, 94.83, and 98% under equilibrium conditions of contact time, temperature, adsorbent dose, and TY concentration. Similarly, the uptake capacities of TAC under optimal experimental conditions were found to be 19.56, 18.96, 18.52, and 18.75 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies of TAC, CMC, and UFC showed that the values of ΔG are negative, while those of ΔH and ΔS are positive in all cases and at all temperatures. This indicates that the TY elimination process is endothermic and spontaneous with an entropy-driven nature. The obtained results indicate that the as-fabricated low-cost biomaterials can effectively remove dyes from wastewater through physicochemical interactions. The removal process was influenced by the nature of the adsorbent and the operating variables. MDPI 2023-05-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10179791/ /pubmed/37175365 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093955 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Rahman, Ubaid Ur Humayun, Muhammad Khan, Abbas Farooq, Saima Sadiq, Muhammad Bououdina, Mohamed Shah, Nasrullah Thermo-Chemical Modification of Cellulose for the Adsorptive Removal of Titan Yellow from Wastewater |
title | Thermo-Chemical Modification of Cellulose for the Adsorptive Removal of Titan Yellow from Wastewater |
title_full | Thermo-Chemical Modification of Cellulose for the Adsorptive Removal of Titan Yellow from Wastewater |
title_fullStr | Thermo-Chemical Modification of Cellulose for the Adsorptive Removal of Titan Yellow from Wastewater |
title_full_unstemmed | Thermo-Chemical Modification of Cellulose for the Adsorptive Removal of Titan Yellow from Wastewater |
title_short | Thermo-Chemical Modification of Cellulose for the Adsorptive Removal of Titan Yellow from Wastewater |
title_sort | thermo-chemical modification of cellulose for the adsorptive removal of titan yellow from wastewater |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10179791/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37175365 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093955 |
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