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Protocatechuic Acid Alleviates Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via the Regulation of Intestinal Flora and Ferroptosis

Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a natural component with multiple biological activities. However, the underlying mechanisms of the effects of PCA on anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) are unclear. A UC mouse model was established by allowing the mice to freely drink a dextran sulfate sodium solution. The mic...

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Autores principales: Yang, Xuebin, Sun, Xin, Zhou, Feng, Xiao, Shuiping, Zhong, Lulu, Hu, Shian, Zhou, Zhe, Li, Ling, Tan, Yang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10180256/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37175184
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093775
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author Yang, Xuebin
Sun, Xin
Zhou, Feng
Xiao, Shuiping
Zhong, Lulu
Hu, Shian
Zhou, Zhe
Li, Ling
Tan, Yang
author_facet Yang, Xuebin
Sun, Xin
Zhou, Feng
Xiao, Shuiping
Zhong, Lulu
Hu, Shian
Zhou, Zhe
Li, Ling
Tan, Yang
author_sort Yang, Xuebin
collection PubMed
description Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a natural component with multiple biological activities. However, the underlying mechanisms of the effects of PCA on anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) are unclear. A UC mouse model was established by allowing the mice to freely drink a dextran sulfate sodium solution. The mice were administered PCA intragastrically for 7 days. Histological pathology, intestinal flora, and ferroptosis regulators were determined in vivo. Additionally, ferroptotic Caco-2 cells were modeled to investigate the role of PCA in ferroptosis. Our results showed that PCA reduced the levels of the disease activity index, inflammatory factors, and histological damage in UC mice. We also found that the regulation of intestinal flora, especially Bacteroidetes, was one of the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of PCA anti-UC. Moreover, PCA downregulated the level of ferroptosis in the colon tissue, as evidenced by a reduced iron overload, decreased glutathione depletion, and a lower level of malondialdehyde production compared with the model group. Similar effects of PCA on ferroptosis were observed in Erastin-treated Caco-2 cells. The results obtained using reactive oxygen species assays and the changes in mitochondrial structure observed via scanning electron microscopy also support these results. Our findings suggested that PCA protected against UC by regulating intestinal flora and ferroptosis.
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spelling pubmed-101802562023-05-13 Protocatechuic Acid Alleviates Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via the Regulation of Intestinal Flora and Ferroptosis Yang, Xuebin Sun, Xin Zhou, Feng Xiao, Shuiping Zhong, Lulu Hu, Shian Zhou, Zhe Li, Ling Tan, Yang Molecules Article Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a natural component with multiple biological activities. However, the underlying mechanisms of the effects of PCA on anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) are unclear. A UC mouse model was established by allowing the mice to freely drink a dextran sulfate sodium solution. The mice were administered PCA intragastrically for 7 days. Histological pathology, intestinal flora, and ferroptosis regulators were determined in vivo. Additionally, ferroptotic Caco-2 cells were modeled to investigate the role of PCA in ferroptosis. Our results showed that PCA reduced the levels of the disease activity index, inflammatory factors, and histological damage in UC mice. We also found that the regulation of intestinal flora, especially Bacteroidetes, was one of the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of PCA anti-UC. Moreover, PCA downregulated the level of ferroptosis in the colon tissue, as evidenced by a reduced iron overload, decreased glutathione depletion, and a lower level of malondialdehyde production compared with the model group. Similar effects of PCA on ferroptosis were observed in Erastin-treated Caco-2 cells. The results obtained using reactive oxygen species assays and the changes in mitochondrial structure observed via scanning electron microscopy also support these results. Our findings suggested that PCA protected against UC by regulating intestinal flora and ferroptosis. MDPI 2023-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10180256/ /pubmed/37175184 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093775 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yang, Xuebin
Sun, Xin
Zhou, Feng
Xiao, Shuiping
Zhong, Lulu
Hu, Shian
Zhou, Zhe
Li, Ling
Tan, Yang
Protocatechuic Acid Alleviates Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via the Regulation of Intestinal Flora and Ferroptosis
title Protocatechuic Acid Alleviates Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via the Regulation of Intestinal Flora and Ferroptosis
title_full Protocatechuic Acid Alleviates Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via the Regulation of Intestinal Flora and Ferroptosis
title_fullStr Protocatechuic Acid Alleviates Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via the Regulation of Intestinal Flora and Ferroptosis
title_full_unstemmed Protocatechuic Acid Alleviates Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via the Regulation of Intestinal Flora and Ferroptosis
title_short Protocatechuic Acid Alleviates Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via the Regulation of Intestinal Flora and Ferroptosis
title_sort protocatechuic acid alleviates dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice via the regulation of intestinal flora and ferroptosis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10180256/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37175184
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093775
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