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Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial

There is sound evidence showing the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in lowering blood pressure (BP); however, adherence is usually poor. Interventions to induce behavioral changes aim to improve the ability to read labels, choose foods, and eat low-sodium meals, reinforcing adherence t...

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Autores principales: Rodrigues, Marcela P., Ferreira, Carolina B., Santos, Kauane Aline M. Dos, Merello, Paula N., Rossato, Sinara L., Fuchs, Sandra C., Moreira, Leila B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10180840/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37432286
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15092159
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author Rodrigues, Marcela P.
Ferreira, Carolina B.
Santos, Kauane Aline M. Dos
Merello, Paula N.
Rossato, Sinara L.
Fuchs, Sandra C.
Moreira, Leila B.
author_facet Rodrigues, Marcela P.
Ferreira, Carolina B.
Santos, Kauane Aline M. Dos
Merello, Paula N.
Rossato, Sinara L.
Fuchs, Sandra C.
Moreira, Leila B.
author_sort Rodrigues, Marcela P.
collection PubMed
description There is sound evidence showing the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in lowering blood pressure (BP); however, adherence is usually poor. Interventions to induce behavioral changes aim to improve the ability to read labels, choose foods, and eat low-sodium meals, reinforcing adherence to sodium restriction. In this randomized parallel-controlled trial, we assessed the effectiveness of an educational intervention using the Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) scores. A follow-up period of 6 months was conducted. Participants were randomized into (1) an educational intervention provided by a registered dietitian on individual visits and dietary planning; (2) a control group with the usual care and dietary recommendations. Patients underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, 12-h fasting blood tests, spot urine collection, and assessment using DSRQ. We randomized 120 participants (67.5% women and 68.3% Caucasians), and 25 participants were lost to follow-up. The 24-h sodium urinary excretion changed in the control (Δ −1610 mg/day; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1800 to −1410) and intervention groups (Δ −1670 mg/day; 95% CI −1800 to −1450) over time. There was no significant difference in the 24-h estimated sodium between groups. In hypertensive patients, DSRQ-based educational intervention is effective for improving the ability to detect and overcome obstacles to a low-sodium restriction diet but is as effective as dietary recommendations for lowering sodium.
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spelling pubmed-101808402023-05-13 Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial Rodrigues, Marcela P. Ferreira, Carolina B. Santos, Kauane Aline M. Dos Merello, Paula N. Rossato, Sinara L. Fuchs, Sandra C. Moreira, Leila B. Nutrients Article There is sound evidence showing the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in lowering blood pressure (BP); however, adherence is usually poor. Interventions to induce behavioral changes aim to improve the ability to read labels, choose foods, and eat low-sodium meals, reinforcing adherence to sodium restriction. In this randomized parallel-controlled trial, we assessed the effectiveness of an educational intervention using the Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) scores. A follow-up period of 6 months was conducted. Participants were randomized into (1) an educational intervention provided by a registered dietitian on individual visits and dietary planning; (2) a control group with the usual care and dietary recommendations. Patients underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, 12-h fasting blood tests, spot urine collection, and assessment using DSRQ. We randomized 120 participants (67.5% women and 68.3% Caucasians), and 25 participants were lost to follow-up. The 24-h sodium urinary excretion changed in the control (Δ −1610 mg/day; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1800 to −1410) and intervention groups (Δ −1670 mg/day; 95% CI −1800 to −1450) over time. There was no significant difference in the 24-h estimated sodium between groups. In hypertensive patients, DSRQ-based educational intervention is effective for improving the ability to detect and overcome obstacles to a low-sodium restriction diet but is as effective as dietary recommendations for lowering sodium. MDPI 2023-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10180840/ /pubmed/37432286 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15092159 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Rodrigues, Marcela P.
Ferreira, Carolina B.
Santos, Kauane Aline M. Dos
Merello, Paula N.
Rossato, Sinara L.
Fuchs, Sandra C.
Moreira, Leila B.
Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_fullStr Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_short Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_sort efficacy of an educational intervention for sodium restriction in patients with hypertension: a randomized controlled trial
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10180840/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37432286
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15092159
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