Simplified Markerless Stride Detection Pipeline (sMaSDP) for Surface EMG Segmentation

To diagnose mobility impairments and select appropriate physiotherapy, gait assessment studies are often recommended. These studies are usually conducted in confined clinical settings, which may feel foreign to a subject and affect their motivation, coordination, and overall mobility. Conducting gait studies in unconstrained natural settings instead, such as the subject’s Activities of Daily Life (ADL), could provide a more accurate assessment. To appropriately diagnose gait deficiencies, muscle activity should be recorded in parallel with typical kinematic studies. To achieve this, Electromyography (EMG) and kinematic are collected synchronously. Our protocol sMaSDP introduces a simplified markerless gait event detection pipeline for the segmentation of EMG signals via Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data, based on a publicly available dataset. This methodology intends to provide a simple, detailed sequence of processing steps for gait event detection via IMU and EMG, and serves as tutorial for beginners in unconstrained gait assessment studies. In an unconstrained gait experiment, 10 healthy subjects walk through a course designed to mimic everyday walking, with their kinematic and EMG data recorded, for a total of 20 trials. Five different walking modalities, such as level walking, ramp up/down, and staircase up/down are included. By segmenting and filtering the data, we generate an algorithm that detects heel-strike events, using a single IMU, and isolates EMG activity of gait cycles. Applicable to different datasets, sMaSDP was tested in healthy gait and gait data of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients. Using sMaSDP, we extracted muscle activity in healthy walking and identified heel-strike events in PD patient data. The algorithm parameters, such as expected velocity and cadence, are adjustable and can further improve the detection accuracy, and our emphasis on the wearable technologies makes this solution ideal for ADL gait studies.