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Immunoengineered MXene nanosystem for mitigation of alloantigen presentation and prevention of transplant vasculopathy

MXenes are an emerging class of nanomaterials with significant potential for applications in nanomedicine. Amongst MXene technologies, titanium carbide (Ti(3)C(2)T(x)) nanomaterials are the most mature and have received significant attention to tackle longstanding clinical challenges due to its tail...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Yan, Weiang, Rafieerad, Alireza, Alagarsamy, Keshav Narayan, Saleth, Leena Regi, Arora, Rakesh C., Dhingra, Sanjiv
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Ltd 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10181944/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37187503
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101706
Descripción
Sumario:MXenes are an emerging class of nanomaterials with significant potential for applications in nanomedicine. Amongst MXene technologies, titanium carbide (Ti(3)C(2)T(x)) nanomaterials are the most mature and have received significant attention to tackle longstanding clinical challenges due to its tailored physical and material properties. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy is an aggressive form of atherosclerosis and a major cause of mortality among patients with heart transplants. Blood vessel endothelial cells (ECs) stimulate alloreactive T-lymphocytes to result in sustained inflammation. Herein, we report the first application of Ti(3)C(2)T(x) MXene nanosheets for prevention of allograft vasculopathy. MXene nanosheets interacted with human ECs and downregulated the expression of genes involved in alloantigen presentation, and consequently reduced the activation of allogeneic lymphocytes. RNA-Seq analysis of lymphocytes showed that treatment with MXene downregulated genes responsible for transplant-induced T-cell activation, cell-mediated rejection, and development of allograft vasculopathy. In an in vivo rat model of allograft vasculopathy, treatment with MXene reduced lymphocyte infiltration and preserved medial smooth muscle cell integrity within transplanted aortic allografts. These findings highlight the potential of Ti(3)C(2)T(x) MXene in treatment of allograft vasculopathy and inflammatory diseases.