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Lactoferrin and the development of salivary stones: a pilot study
Salivary stones (sialoliths) are calcified structures located in the ductal system of the major salivary glands. Their exact cause is not clear but in general they are characterized by concentric inorganic (hydroxyapatite) layers. The formation is a slow intermittent process which may result in enla...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Netherlands
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10181970/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36396778 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-022-00465-7 |
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author | Kraaij, Saskia de Visscher, Jan G. A. M. Apperloo, Ruben C. Nazmi, Kamran Bikker, Floris J. Brand, Henk S. |
author_facet | Kraaij, Saskia de Visscher, Jan G. A. M. Apperloo, Ruben C. Nazmi, Kamran Bikker, Floris J. Brand, Henk S. |
author_sort | Kraaij, Saskia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Salivary stones (sialoliths) are calcified structures located in the ductal system of the major salivary glands. Their exact cause is not clear but in general they are characterized by concentric inorganic (hydroxyapatite) layers. The formation is a slow intermittent process which may result in enlargement of the sialolith causing obstruction of saliva secretion resulting in mealtime related pain and swelling of the affected salivary gland. Various studies reported the presence of organic material such as proteins and lipids in the core of sialoliths. In the present study the protein composition of twenty submandibular sialoliths was analyzed. It was found that proteins contributed on average 5% to the dry weight of submandibular stones whereby small salivary stones contained more extractable proteins than large salivary stones. Using a combination of SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and Western blotting, we identified α-amylase (in all stones; 100%), lysozyme (95%), lactoferrin (85%), secretory-IgA (75%), MUC7 (60%), complement C4 (60%) and C-reactive protein (35%). The presence, and the combinations, of lactoferrin, lysozyme, s-IgA and α-amylase in sialoliths was confirmed by ELISA. The gradually increasing size of a sialolith might provoke a local inflammatory response in the duct of the submandibular gland whereby the relatively low concentrations of lactoferrin and lysozyme may originate from neutrophils. The interaction of lactoferrin with s-IgA could contribute to the accumulation of lactoferrin in sialoliths. In summary, these results suggest a new pathophysiological role for lactoferrin, in the formation of sialoliths. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10534-022-00465-7. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10181970 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer Netherlands |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101819702023-05-14 Lactoferrin and the development of salivary stones: a pilot study Kraaij, Saskia de Visscher, Jan G. A. M. Apperloo, Ruben C. Nazmi, Kamran Bikker, Floris J. Brand, Henk S. Biometals Article Salivary stones (sialoliths) are calcified structures located in the ductal system of the major salivary glands. Their exact cause is not clear but in general they are characterized by concentric inorganic (hydroxyapatite) layers. The formation is a slow intermittent process which may result in enlargement of the sialolith causing obstruction of saliva secretion resulting in mealtime related pain and swelling of the affected salivary gland. Various studies reported the presence of organic material such as proteins and lipids in the core of sialoliths. In the present study the protein composition of twenty submandibular sialoliths was analyzed. It was found that proteins contributed on average 5% to the dry weight of submandibular stones whereby small salivary stones contained more extractable proteins than large salivary stones. Using a combination of SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and Western blotting, we identified α-amylase (in all stones; 100%), lysozyme (95%), lactoferrin (85%), secretory-IgA (75%), MUC7 (60%), complement C4 (60%) and C-reactive protein (35%). The presence, and the combinations, of lactoferrin, lysozyme, s-IgA and α-amylase in sialoliths was confirmed by ELISA. The gradually increasing size of a sialolith might provoke a local inflammatory response in the duct of the submandibular gland whereby the relatively low concentrations of lactoferrin and lysozyme may originate from neutrophils. The interaction of lactoferrin with s-IgA could contribute to the accumulation of lactoferrin in sialoliths. In summary, these results suggest a new pathophysiological role for lactoferrin, in the formation of sialoliths. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10534-022-00465-7. Springer Netherlands 2022-11-17 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10181970/ /pubmed/36396778 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-022-00465-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Kraaij, Saskia de Visscher, Jan G. A. M. Apperloo, Ruben C. Nazmi, Kamran Bikker, Floris J. Brand, Henk S. Lactoferrin and the development of salivary stones: a pilot study |
title | Lactoferrin and the development of salivary stones: a pilot study |
title_full | Lactoferrin and the development of salivary stones: a pilot study |
title_fullStr | Lactoferrin and the development of salivary stones: a pilot study |
title_full_unstemmed | Lactoferrin and the development of salivary stones: a pilot study |
title_short | Lactoferrin and the development of salivary stones: a pilot study |
title_sort | lactoferrin and the development of salivary stones: a pilot study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10181970/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36396778 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-022-00465-7 |
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