Driving Hazard Perception Tests: A Systematic Review

OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to evaluate previous studies on hazard perception among road users. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted using electronic databases and search engines including Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Iranmedex, SID, Irandoc, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to September 2021. The search was performed using a combination of medical subject heading terms and keywords. Endnote software version 20.0 (Clarivate, Philadelphia, PA, USA) was used to organize the included articles. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the findings. The entire review process was conducted by two authors, and unresolved challenges were discussed with other researchers. RESULTS: Findings of the study show that all of the tests could discriminate between inexperienced and experienced drivers. The use of dynamic hazard perception tests was more common than static tests, and in some cases, simulators were used. Moreover, the results indicated a weak correlation between the results of dynamic and static tests. Therefore, it could be claimed that both dynamic and static methods measured certain dimensions of hazard perception. CONCLUSION: Regarding the importance of hazard perception, the findings of this study can provide further progress in designing hazard perception tests. The hazard perception tests can be sensitive to cultural or legal differences. It should also be noted that in developing tools for measuring drivers’ hazard perception, different dimensions of hazard perception must be considered, so that the level of drivers’ hazard perception can be reported accurately.