SYK-mediated epithelial cell state is associated with response to c-Met inhibitors in c-Met-overexpressing lung cancer

Genomic MET amplification and exon 14 skipping are currently clinically recognized biomarkers for stratifying subsets of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients according to the predicted response to c-Met inhibitors (c-Metis), yet the overall clinical benefit of this strategy is quite limited. Notably, c-Met protein overexpression, which occurs in approximately 20–25% of NSCLC patients, has not yet been clearly defined as a clinically useful biomarker. An optimized strategy for accurately classifying patients with c-Met overexpression for decision-making regarding c-Meti treatment is lacking. Herein, we found that SYK regulates the plasticity of cells in an epithelial state and is associated with their sensitivity to c-Metis both in vitro and in vivo in PDX models with c-Met overexpression regardless of MET gene status. Furthermore, TGF-β1 treatment resulted in SYK transcriptional downregulation, increased Sp1-mediated transcription of FRA1, and restored the mesenchymal state, which conferred resistance to c-Metis. Clinically, a subpopulation of NSCLC patients with c-Met overexpression coupled with SYK overexpression exhibited a high response rate of 73.3% and longer progression-free survival with c-Meti treatment than other patients. SYK negativity coupled with TGF-β1 positivity conferred de novo and acquired resistance. In summary, SYK regulates cell plasticity toward a therapy-sensitive epithelial cell state. Furthermore, our findings showed that SYK overexpression can aid in precisely stratifying NSCLC patients with c-Met overexpression regardless of MET alterations and expand the population predicted to benefit from c-Met-targeted therapy.