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Ophthalmic manifestations in children with Down Syndrome in Bogotá, Colombia

BACKGROUND: To describe the ocular features of a cohort of children with Down Syndrome (DS) in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study, evaluating 67 children with DS. A pediatric ophthalmologist performed a complete optometric and ophthalmological evaluation of each child, i...

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Autores principales: Rojas‑Carabali, William, Cortés-Albornoz, María Camila, Flórez‑Esparza, Gabriela, Cifuentes‑González, Carlos, de‑la‑Torre, Alejandra, Talero‑Gutiérrez, Claudia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10184377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37189079
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-02863-y
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author Rojas‑Carabali, William
Cortés-Albornoz, María Camila
Flórez‑Esparza, Gabriela
Cifuentes‑González, Carlos
de‑la‑Torre, Alejandra
Talero‑Gutiérrez, Claudia
author_facet Rojas‑Carabali, William
Cortés-Albornoz, María Camila
Flórez‑Esparza, Gabriela
Cifuentes‑González, Carlos
de‑la‑Torre, Alejandra
Talero‑Gutiérrez, Claudia
author_sort Rojas‑Carabali, William
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: To describe the ocular features of a cohort of children with Down Syndrome (DS) in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study, evaluating 67 children with DS. A pediatric ophthalmologist performed a complete optometric and ophthalmological evaluation of each child, including visual acuity, ocular alignment, external eye examination, biomicroscopy, auto-refractometry, retinoscope in cycloplegia, and fundus examination. Results were reported as frequency distribution tables with percentages for categorical variables and means and standard deviation or median and interquartile ranges for continuous variables, according to their distribution. We used the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis for continuous variables when indicated. RESULTS: A total of 134 eyes from 67 children were evaluated. Males represented 50.7%. The children’s age ranged from 8–16 years, with a mean of 12.3 (SD 2.30). The most frequent refractive diagnosis per eye was hyperopia (47%), followed by myopia (32.1%) and mixed astigmatism (18.7%). The most frequent ocular manifestations were oblique fissure (89.6%), followed by amblyopia (54.5%) and lens opacity (39.4%). Female sex was associated with strabismus (P = 0.009) and amblyopia (P = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Our cohort had a high prevalence of disregarded ophthalmological manifestations. Some of these manifestations, such as amblyopia, can be irreversible and severely affect the neurodevelopment of DS children. Therefore, ophthalmologists and optometrists should be aware of the visual and ocular affection of children with DS to assess and provide appropriate management. This awareness could improve rehabilitation outcomes for these children.
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spelling pubmed-101843772023-05-16 Ophthalmic manifestations in children with Down Syndrome in Bogotá, Colombia Rojas‑Carabali, William Cortés-Albornoz, María Camila Flórez‑Esparza, Gabriela Cifuentes‑González, Carlos de‑la‑Torre, Alejandra Talero‑Gutiérrez, Claudia BMC Ophthalmol Research Article BACKGROUND: To describe the ocular features of a cohort of children with Down Syndrome (DS) in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study, evaluating 67 children with DS. A pediatric ophthalmologist performed a complete optometric and ophthalmological evaluation of each child, including visual acuity, ocular alignment, external eye examination, biomicroscopy, auto-refractometry, retinoscope in cycloplegia, and fundus examination. Results were reported as frequency distribution tables with percentages for categorical variables and means and standard deviation or median and interquartile ranges for continuous variables, according to their distribution. We used the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis for continuous variables when indicated. RESULTS: A total of 134 eyes from 67 children were evaluated. Males represented 50.7%. The children’s age ranged from 8–16 years, with a mean of 12.3 (SD 2.30). The most frequent refractive diagnosis per eye was hyperopia (47%), followed by myopia (32.1%) and mixed astigmatism (18.7%). The most frequent ocular manifestations were oblique fissure (89.6%), followed by amblyopia (54.5%) and lens opacity (39.4%). Female sex was associated with strabismus (P = 0.009) and amblyopia (P = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Our cohort had a high prevalence of disregarded ophthalmological manifestations. Some of these manifestations, such as amblyopia, can be irreversible and severely affect the neurodevelopment of DS children. Therefore, ophthalmologists and optometrists should be aware of the visual and ocular affection of children with DS to assess and provide appropriate management. This awareness could improve rehabilitation outcomes for these children. BioMed Central 2023-05-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10184377/ /pubmed/37189079 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-02863-y Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Rojas‑Carabali, William
Cortés-Albornoz, María Camila
Flórez‑Esparza, Gabriela
Cifuentes‑González, Carlos
de‑la‑Torre, Alejandra
Talero‑Gutiérrez, Claudia
Ophthalmic manifestations in children with Down Syndrome in Bogotá, Colombia
title Ophthalmic manifestations in children with Down Syndrome in Bogotá, Colombia
title_full Ophthalmic manifestations in children with Down Syndrome in Bogotá, Colombia
title_fullStr Ophthalmic manifestations in children with Down Syndrome in Bogotá, Colombia
title_full_unstemmed Ophthalmic manifestations in children with Down Syndrome in Bogotá, Colombia
title_short Ophthalmic manifestations in children with Down Syndrome in Bogotá, Colombia
title_sort ophthalmic manifestations in children with down syndrome in bogotá, colombia
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10184377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37189079
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-02863-y
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