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Farm management practices associated with influenza A virus contamination of people working in Midwestern United States swine farms
Indirect transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) contributes to virus spread in pigs. To identify farm management activities with the ability to contaminate farmworkers’ hands and clothing that then could be a source of virus spread to other pigs, we conducted a within-farm, prospective IAV surveill...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10184419/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37183258 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00304-2 |
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author | Lopez-Moreno, Gustavo Culhane, Marie R. Davies, Peter Corzo, Cesar Allerson, Matthew W. Torremorell, Montserrat |
author_facet | Lopez-Moreno, Gustavo Culhane, Marie R. Davies, Peter Corzo, Cesar Allerson, Matthew W. Torremorell, Montserrat |
author_sort | Lopez-Moreno, Gustavo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Indirect transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) contributes to virus spread in pigs. To identify farm management activities with the ability to contaminate farmworkers’ hands and clothing that then could be a source of virus spread to other pigs, we conducted a within-farm, prospective IAV surveillance study. Hands and clothes from farmworkers performing the activities of piglet processing, vaccination, or weaning were sampled before and after the activities were performed. Samples were tested by IAV rRT-PCR and virus viability was assessed by cell culture. A multivariate generalized linear model was used to detect associations of the activities with IAV contamination. Of the samples collected for IAV rRT-PCR testing, there were 16% (12/76) collected immediately after processing, 96% (45/48) collected after vaccination, and 94% (29/31) collected after weaning that tested positive. Samples collected immediately after vaccination and weaning, i.e., activities that took place during the peri-weaning period when pigs were about 3 weeks of age, had almost 6 times higher risk of IAV detection and had more samples IAV positive (p-value < 0.0001) than samples collected after processing, i.e., an activity that took place in the first few days of life. Both, hands and clothes had similar contamination rates (46% and 55% respectively, p-value = 0.42) and viable virus was isolated from both. Our results indicate that activities that involve the handling of infected piglets close to weaning age represent a significant risk for IAV dissemination due to the high level of IAV contamination found in farmworkers’ hands and coveralls involved in the activities. Biosecurity protocols that include hand sanitation and changing clothing after performing activities with a high-risk of influenza contamination should be recommended to farmworkers to control and limit the mechanical spread of IAV between pigs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10184419 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101844192023-05-16 Farm management practices associated with influenza A virus contamination of people working in Midwestern United States swine farms Lopez-Moreno, Gustavo Culhane, Marie R. Davies, Peter Corzo, Cesar Allerson, Matthew W. Torremorell, Montserrat Porcine Health Manag Research Indirect transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) contributes to virus spread in pigs. To identify farm management activities with the ability to contaminate farmworkers’ hands and clothing that then could be a source of virus spread to other pigs, we conducted a within-farm, prospective IAV surveillance study. Hands and clothes from farmworkers performing the activities of piglet processing, vaccination, or weaning were sampled before and after the activities were performed. Samples were tested by IAV rRT-PCR and virus viability was assessed by cell culture. A multivariate generalized linear model was used to detect associations of the activities with IAV contamination. Of the samples collected for IAV rRT-PCR testing, there were 16% (12/76) collected immediately after processing, 96% (45/48) collected after vaccination, and 94% (29/31) collected after weaning that tested positive. Samples collected immediately after vaccination and weaning, i.e., activities that took place during the peri-weaning period when pigs were about 3 weeks of age, had almost 6 times higher risk of IAV detection and had more samples IAV positive (p-value < 0.0001) than samples collected after processing, i.e., an activity that took place in the first few days of life. Both, hands and clothes had similar contamination rates (46% and 55% respectively, p-value = 0.42) and viable virus was isolated from both. Our results indicate that activities that involve the handling of infected piglets close to weaning age represent a significant risk for IAV dissemination due to the high level of IAV contamination found in farmworkers’ hands and coveralls involved in the activities. Biosecurity protocols that include hand sanitation and changing clothing after performing activities with a high-risk of influenza contamination should be recommended to farmworkers to control and limit the mechanical spread of IAV between pigs. BioMed Central 2023-05-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10184419/ /pubmed/37183258 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00304-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Lopez-Moreno, Gustavo Culhane, Marie R. Davies, Peter Corzo, Cesar Allerson, Matthew W. Torremorell, Montserrat Farm management practices associated with influenza A virus contamination of people working in Midwestern United States swine farms |
title | Farm management practices associated with influenza A virus contamination of people working in Midwestern United States swine farms |
title_full | Farm management practices associated with influenza A virus contamination of people working in Midwestern United States swine farms |
title_fullStr | Farm management practices associated with influenza A virus contamination of people working in Midwestern United States swine farms |
title_full_unstemmed | Farm management practices associated with influenza A virus contamination of people working in Midwestern United States swine farms |
title_short | Farm management practices associated with influenza A virus contamination of people working in Midwestern United States swine farms |
title_sort | farm management practices associated with influenza a virus contamination of people working in midwestern united states swine farms |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10184419/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37183258 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00304-2 |
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