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Estimates of total neuron number show that neonatal ethanol causes immediate and lasting neuron loss in cortical and subcortical areas

In neonatal brain development there is a period of normal apoptotic cell death that regulates adult neuron number. At approximately the same period, ethanol exposure can cause a dramatic spike in apoptotic cell death. While ethanol-induced apoptosis has been shown to reduce adult neuron number, ques...

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Autores principales: Smiley, John F., Bleiwas, Cynthia, Marino, Brandon M., Vaddi, Prerana, Canals-Baker, Stefanie, Wilson, Donald A., Saito, Mariko
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10185770/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37205048
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1186529
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author Smiley, John F.
Bleiwas, Cynthia
Marino, Brandon M.
Vaddi, Prerana
Canals-Baker, Stefanie
Wilson, Donald A.
Saito, Mariko
author_facet Smiley, John F.
Bleiwas, Cynthia
Marino, Brandon M.
Vaddi, Prerana
Canals-Baker, Stefanie
Wilson, Donald A.
Saito, Mariko
author_sort Smiley, John F.
collection PubMed
description In neonatal brain development there is a period of normal apoptotic cell death that regulates adult neuron number. At approximately the same period, ethanol exposure can cause a dramatic spike in apoptotic cell death. While ethanol-induced apoptosis has been shown to reduce adult neuron number, questions remain about the regional selectivity of the ethanol effect, and whether the brain might have some capacity to overcome the initial neuron loss. The present study used stereological cell counting to compare cumulative neuron loss 8 h after postnatal day 7 (P7) ethanol treatment to that of animals left to mature to adulthood (P70). Across several brain regions we found that the reduction of total neuron number after 8 h was as large as that of adult animals. Comparison between regions revealed that some areas are more vulnerable, with neuron loss in the anterior thalamic nuclei > the medial septum/vertical diagonal band, dorsal subiculum, and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus > the mammillary bodies and cingulate cortex > whole neocortex. In contrast to estimates of total neuron number, estimates of apoptotic cell number in Nissl-stained sections at 8 h after ethanol treatment provided a less reliable predictor of adult neuron loss. The findings show that ethanol-induced neonatal apoptosis often causes immediate neuron deficits that persist in adulthood, and furthermore suggests that the brain may have limited capacity to compensate for ethanol-induced neuron loss.
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spelling pubmed-101857702023-05-17 Estimates of total neuron number show that neonatal ethanol causes immediate and lasting neuron loss in cortical and subcortical areas Smiley, John F. Bleiwas, Cynthia Marino, Brandon M. Vaddi, Prerana Canals-Baker, Stefanie Wilson, Donald A. Saito, Mariko Front Neurosci Neuroscience In neonatal brain development there is a period of normal apoptotic cell death that regulates adult neuron number. At approximately the same period, ethanol exposure can cause a dramatic spike in apoptotic cell death. While ethanol-induced apoptosis has been shown to reduce adult neuron number, questions remain about the regional selectivity of the ethanol effect, and whether the brain might have some capacity to overcome the initial neuron loss. The present study used stereological cell counting to compare cumulative neuron loss 8 h after postnatal day 7 (P7) ethanol treatment to that of animals left to mature to adulthood (P70). Across several brain regions we found that the reduction of total neuron number after 8 h was as large as that of adult animals. Comparison between regions revealed that some areas are more vulnerable, with neuron loss in the anterior thalamic nuclei > the medial septum/vertical diagonal band, dorsal subiculum, and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus > the mammillary bodies and cingulate cortex > whole neocortex. In contrast to estimates of total neuron number, estimates of apoptotic cell number in Nissl-stained sections at 8 h after ethanol treatment provided a less reliable predictor of adult neuron loss. The findings show that ethanol-induced neonatal apoptosis often causes immediate neuron deficits that persist in adulthood, and furthermore suggests that the brain may have limited capacity to compensate for ethanol-induced neuron loss. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10185770/ /pubmed/37205048 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1186529 Text en Copyright © 2023 Smiley, Bleiwas, Marino, Vaddi, Canals-Baker, Wilson and Saito. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Smiley, John F.
Bleiwas, Cynthia
Marino, Brandon M.
Vaddi, Prerana
Canals-Baker, Stefanie
Wilson, Donald A.
Saito, Mariko
Estimates of total neuron number show that neonatal ethanol causes immediate and lasting neuron loss in cortical and subcortical areas
title Estimates of total neuron number show that neonatal ethanol causes immediate and lasting neuron loss in cortical and subcortical areas
title_full Estimates of total neuron number show that neonatal ethanol causes immediate and lasting neuron loss in cortical and subcortical areas
title_fullStr Estimates of total neuron number show that neonatal ethanol causes immediate and lasting neuron loss in cortical and subcortical areas
title_full_unstemmed Estimates of total neuron number show that neonatal ethanol causes immediate and lasting neuron loss in cortical and subcortical areas
title_short Estimates of total neuron number show that neonatal ethanol causes immediate and lasting neuron loss in cortical and subcortical areas
title_sort estimates of total neuron number show that neonatal ethanol causes immediate and lasting neuron loss in cortical and subcortical areas
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10185770/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37205048
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1186529
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