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Signatures of exposure to childhood trauma in young adults in the structure and neurochemistry of the superior temporal gyrus

BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma (CT) has been linked to increased risk for mental illness in adulthood. Although work in experimental animals has shown that early life stressors can affect inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission in adult rodents, with possible excitotoxic effects on local grey matt...

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Autores principales: Hepsomali, Piril, Machon, Sandra, Barker, Holly, Lythgoe, David J, Hugdahl, Kenneth, Gudbrandsen, Maria, Allen, Paul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10185913/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37070169
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02698811231168243
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author Hepsomali, Piril
Machon, Sandra
Barker, Holly
Lythgoe, David J
Hugdahl, Kenneth
Gudbrandsen, Maria
Allen, Paul
author_facet Hepsomali, Piril
Machon, Sandra
Barker, Holly
Lythgoe, David J
Hugdahl, Kenneth
Gudbrandsen, Maria
Allen, Paul
author_sort Hepsomali, Piril
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma (CT) has been linked to increased risk for mental illness in adulthood. Although work in experimental animals has shown that early life stressors can affect inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission in adult rodents, with possible excitotoxic effects on local grey matter volumes (GMV), the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate this relationship in humans remain poorly understood. AIM: To examine glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolite concentrations and potential excitotoxic effects on GMV, in adults who experienced CT. METHODS: Fifty-six young adults (M(age) = 20.41) were assigned to High CT (n = 29) and Low CT (n = 27) groups (by using the CT questionnaire) and underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) to measure temporal lobe metabolite concentrations and volumetric imaging to measure GMV. RESULTS: Glutamate concentrations did not differ between groups; however, relative to the Low CT group, participants in the High CT group had reduced GABA concentrations in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) voxel. Furthermore, logistic regression showed that participants with low left STG GABA concentrations and low left STG volumes were significantly more likely to be in the high CT group. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that both low GABA concentrations and its interaction with GMV in the left STG are associated with high levels of CT and suggest that altered inhibitory neurotransmission/metabolism may be linked to a lower GMV in the left STG in adults who experienced CT. Future studies are warranted to establish if utilizing these measures can stratify clinical high-risk and predict future clinical outcomes in high CT individuals.
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spelling pubmed-101859132023-05-17 Signatures of exposure to childhood trauma in young adults in the structure and neurochemistry of the superior temporal gyrus Hepsomali, Piril Machon, Sandra Barker, Holly Lythgoe, David J Hugdahl, Kenneth Gudbrandsen, Maria Allen, Paul J Psychopharmacol Original Papers BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma (CT) has been linked to increased risk for mental illness in adulthood. Although work in experimental animals has shown that early life stressors can affect inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission in adult rodents, with possible excitotoxic effects on local grey matter volumes (GMV), the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate this relationship in humans remain poorly understood. AIM: To examine glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolite concentrations and potential excitotoxic effects on GMV, in adults who experienced CT. METHODS: Fifty-six young adults (M(age) = 20.41) were assigned to High CT (n = 29) and Low CT (n = 27) groups (by using the CT questionnaire) and underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) to measure temporal lobe metabolite concentrations and volumetric imaging to measure GMV. RESULTS: Glutamate concentrations did not differ between groups; however, relative to the Low CT group, participants in the High CT group had reduced GABA concentrations in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) voxel. Furthermore, logistic regression showed that participants with low left STG GABA concentrations and low left STG volumes were significantly more likely to be in the high CT group. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that both low GABA concentrations and its interaction with GMV in the left STG are associated with high levels of CT and suggest that altered inhibitory neurotransmission/metabolism may be linked to a lower GMV in the left STG in adults who experienced CT. Future studies are warranted to establish if utilizing these measures can stratify clinical high-risk and predict future clinical outcomes in high CT individuals. SAGE Publications 2023-04-17 2023-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10185913/ /pubmed/37070169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02698811231168243 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Lficense (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Original Papers
Hepsomali, Piril
Machon, Sandra
Barker, Holly
Lythgoe, David J
Hugdahl, Kenneth
Gudbrandsen, Maria
Allen, Paul
Signatures of exposure to childhood trauma in young adults in the structure and neurochemistry of the superior temporal gyrus
title Signatures of exposure to childhood trauma in young adults in the structure and neurochemistry of the superior temporal gyrus
title_full Signatures of exposure to childhood trauma in young adults in the structure and neurochemistry of the superior temporal gyrus
title_fullStr Signatures of exposure to childhood trauma in young adults in the structure and neurochemistry of the superior temporal gyrus
title_full_unstemmed Signatures of exposure to childhood trauma in young adults in the structure and neurochemistry of the superior temporal gyrus
title_short Signatures of exposure to childhood trauma in young adults in the structure and neurochemistry of the superior temporal gyrus
title_sort signatures of exposure to childhood trauma in young adults in the structure and neurochemistry of the superior temporal gyrus
topic Original Papers
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10185913/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37070169
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02698811231168243
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