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Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment

Racial trauma refers to experiences related to threats, prejudices, harm, shame, humiliation, and guilt associated with various types of racial discrimination, either for direct victims or witnesses. In North American, European, and colonial zeitgeist societies, Black, Indigenous, and people of colo...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Cénat, Jude Mary
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10186562/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36288462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916221120428
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author_facet Cénat, Jude Mary
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description Racial trauma refers to experiences related to threats, prejudices, harm, shame, humiliation, and guilt associated with various types of racial discrimination, either for direct victims or witnesses. In North American, European, and colonial zeitgeist societies, Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) experience racial microaggressions and interpersonal, institutional, and systemic racism on a repetitive, constant, inevitable, and cumulative basis. Although complex trauma differs from racial trauma in its origin, the consistency of racist victimization beyond childhood, and the internalized racism associated with it, strong similarities exist. Similar to complex trauma, racial trauma surrounds the victims’ life course and engenders consequences on their physical and mental health, behavior, cognition, relationships with others, self-concept, and social and economic life. There is no way to identify racial trauma other than through a life-course approach that captures the complex nature of individual, collective, historical, and intergenerational experiences of racism experienced by BIPOC communities in Western society. This article presents evidence for complex racial trauma (CoRT), a theoretical framework of CoRT, and guidelines for its assessment and treatment. Avenues for future research, intervention, and training are also presented.
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spelling pubmed-101865622023-05-17 Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment Cénat, Jude Mary Perspect Psychol Sci Article Racial trauma refers to experiences related to threats, prejudices, harm, shame, humiliation, and guilt associated with various types of racial discrimination, either for direct victims or witnesses. In North American, European, and colonial zeitgeist societies, Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) experience racial microaggressions and interpersonal, institutional, and systemic racism on a repetitive, constant, inevitable, and cumulative basis. Although complex trauma differs from racial trauma in its origin, the consistency of racist victimization beyond childhood, and the internalized racism associated with it, strong similarities exist. Similar to complex trauma, racial trauma surrounds the victims’ life course and engenders consequences on their physical and mental health, behavior, cognition, relationships with others, self-concept, and social and economic life. There is no way to identify racial trauma other than through a life-course approach that captures the complex nature of individual, collective, historical, and intergenerational experiences of racism experienced by BIPOC communities in Western society. This article presents evidence for complex racial trauma (CoRT), a theoretical framework of CoRT, and guidelines for its assessment and treatment. Avenues for future research, intervention, and training are also presented. SAGE Publications 2022-10-26 2023-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10186562/ /pubmed/36288462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916221120428 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Article
Cénat, Jude Mary
Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment
title Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment
title_full Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment
title_fullStr Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment
title_short Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment
title_sort complex racial trauma: evidence, theory, assessment, and treatment
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10186562/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36288462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916221120428
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