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Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment
Racial trauma refers to experiences related to threats, prejudices, harm, shame, humiliation, and guilt associated with various types of racial discrimination, either for direct victims or witnesses. In North American, European, and colonial zeitgeist societies, Black, Indigenous, and people of colo...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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SAGE Publications
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10186562/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36288462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916221120428 |
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author | Cénat, Jude Mary |
author_facet | Cénat, Jude Mary |
author_sort | Cénat, Jude Mary |
collection | PubMed |
description | Racial trauma refers to experiences related to threats, prejudices, harm, shame, humiliation, and guilt associated with various types of racial discrimination, either for direct victims or witnesses. In North American, European, and colonial zeitgeist societies, Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) experience racial microaggressions and interpersonal, institutional, and systemic racism on a repetitive, constant, inevitable, and cumulative basis. Although complex trauma differs from racial trauma in its origin, the consistency of racist victimization beyond childhood, and the internalized racism associated with it, strong similarities exist. Similar to complex trauma, racial trauma surrounds the victims’ life course and engenders consequences on their physical and mental health, behavior, cognition, relationships with others, self-concept, and social and economic life. There is no way to identify racial trauma other than through a life-course approach that captures the complex nature of individual, collective, historical, and intergenerational experiences of racism experienced by BIPOC communities in Western society. This article presents evidence for complex racial trauma (CoRT), a theoretical framework of CoRT, and guidelines for its assessment and treatment. Avenues for future research, intervention, and training are also presented. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10186562 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101865622023-05-17 Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment Cénat, Jude Mary Perspect Psychol Sci Article Racial trauma refers to experiences related to threats, prejudices, harm, shame, humiliation, and guilt associated with various types of racial discrimination, either for direct victims or witnesses. In North American, European, and colonial zeitgeist societies, Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) experience racial microaggressions and interpersonal, institutional, and systemic racism on a repetitive, constant, inevitable, and cumulative basis. Although complex trauma differs from racial trauma in its origin, the consistency of racist victimization beyond childhood, and the internalized racism associated with it, strong similarities exist. Similar to complex trauma, racial trauma surrounds the victims’ life course and engenders consequences on their physical and mental health, behavior, cognition, relationships with others, self-concept, and social and economic life. There is no way to identify racial trauma other than through a life-course approach that captures the complex nature of individual, collective, historical, and intergenerational experiences of racism experienced by BIPOC communities in Western society. This article presents evidence for complex racial trauma (CoRT), a theoretical framework of CoRT, and guidelines for its assessment and treatment. Avenues for future research, intervention, and training are also presented. SAGE Publications 2022-10-26 2023-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10186562/ /pubmed/36288462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916221120428 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Article Cénat, Jude Mary Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment |
title | Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and
Treatment |
title_full | Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and
Treatment |
title_fullStr | Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and
Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and
Treatment |
title_short | Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and
Treatment |
title_sort | complex racial trauma: evidence, theory, assessment, and
treatment |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10186562/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36288462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916221120428 |
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