Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells secrete extracellular vesicles: A potential cell‐free therapy for canine renal ischaemia‐reperfusion injury

BACKGROUND: Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising source of therapies for ischaemia‐reperfusion (IR) because of their potent anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to explore the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanism of ADMSC‐EVs in canine renal IR injury. METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and EVs were isolated and characterised for surface markers. A canine IR model administered with ADMSC‐EVs was used to evaluate therapeutic effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. RESULTS: CD105, CD90 and beta integrin ITGB were positively expressed in MSCs, while CD63, CD9 and intramembrane marker TSG101 were positively expressed in EVs. Compared with the IR model group, there was less mitochondrial damage and reduction in quantity of mitochondria in the EV treatment group. Renal IR injury led to severe histopathological lesions and significant increases in biomarkers of renal function, inflammation and apoptosis, which were attenuated by the administration of ADMSC‐EVs. CONCLUSIONS: Secretion of EVs by ADMSCs exhibited therapeutic potential in renal IR injury and may lead to a cell‐free therapy for canine renal IR injury. These findings revealed that canine ADMSC‐EVs potently attenuate renal IR injury‐induced renal dysfunction, inflammation and apoptosis, possibly by reducing mitochondrial damage.