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The Predictive Value of Serum ß-HCG Levels in The Detection of Ectopic Pregnancy Sixteen Days after Embryo Transfer: A Cross-Sectional Study
BACKGROUND: To detect the predictive value of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels 16 days post embryo transfer (ET) regarding detection of an ectopic pregnancy (EP) in assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed the da...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Royan Institute
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10189163/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37183844 http://dx.doi.org/10.22074/IJFS.2022.546087.1247 |
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author | Hashemi, Seyedehhoura Arabipoor, Arezoo Kohestani, Solmaz Zolfaghari, Zahra Vesali, Samira Ghaffari, Firouzeh |
author_facet | Hashemi, Seyedehhoura Arabipoor, Arezoo Kohestani, Solmaz Zolfaghari, Zahra Vesali, Samira Ghaffari, Firouzeh |
author_sort | Hashemi, Seyedehhoura |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: To detect the predictive value of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels 16 days post embryo transfer (ET) regarding detection of an ectopic pregnancy (EP) in assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed the database of Royan Institute from January 2011 to December 2014 and from January 2017 to December 2019 retrospectively. All cases with positive β-hCG levels sixteen days after ET were screened (n=4149). The pregnancies with oocyte or embryo donation and the multiple pregnancies based on the first ultrasound were excluded. All eligible singleton pregnancies with documented serum β-hCG levels at Royan institute laboratory (n=765) were included and then classified according to the type of pregnancy: EP (n=189) or non-EP (n=576). The data of the treatment cycle was extracted from the patients’ files. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to detect the predictive power of the first measurement of β-hCG level in distinguishing EP from ongoing pregnancy in the ART and intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles separately. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the ROC curve and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each of the estimates. RESULTS: The mean levels of β-hCG 16 days after ET were remarkably higher in the ongoing pregnancy group than the EP group (1592.35 ± 87 IU/L vs. 369.69 ± 50.61 IU/L, P<0.001). The β-hCG thresholds predictive of ongoing pregnancy were 278 IU/L as the most suitable cut-off to predict viable pregnancy with a sensitivity of 72.8%, a specificity of 67.5%, a positive predictive value of 77.8%, standard error of 0.02, and a confidence interval of 73.8- 81.7%. However, this relationship was not found in IUI cycles. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, if β-hCG levels 16 days after ET are below 278 IU/l, close follow-up is recommended, until either the diagnosis of EP or miscarriage is established. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10189163 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Royan Institute |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101891632023-07-01 The Predictive Value of Serum ß-HCG Levels in The Detection of Ectopic Pregnancy Sixteen Days after Embryo Transfer: A Cross-Sectional Study Hashemi, Seyedehhoura Arabipoor, Arezoo Kohestani, Solmaz Zolfaghari, Zahra Vesali, Samira Ghaffari, Firouzeh Int J Fertil Steril Original Article BACKGROUND: To detect the predictive value of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels 16 days post embryo transfer (ET) regarding detection of an ectopic pregnancy (EP) in assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed the database of Royan Institute from January 2011 to December 2014 and from January 2017 to December 2019 retrospectively. All cases with positive β-hCG levels sixteen days after ET were screened (n=4149). The pregnancies with oocyte or embryo donation and the multiple pregnancies based on the first ultrasound were excluded. All eligible singleton pregnancies with documented serum β-hCG levels at Royan institute laboratory (n=765) were included and then classified according to the type of pregnancy: EP (n=189) or non-EP (n=576). The data of the treatment cycle was extracted from the patients’ files. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to detect the predictive power of the first measurement of β-hCG level in distinguishing EP from ongoing pregnancy in the ART and intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles separately. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the ROC curve and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each of the estimates. RESULTS: The mean levels of β-hCG 16 days after ET were remarkably higher in the ongoing pregnancy group than the EP group (1592.35 ± 87 IU/L vs. 369.69 ± 50.61 IU/L, P<0.001). The β-hCG thresholds predictive of ongoing pregnancy were 278 IU/L as the most suitable cut-off to predict viable pregnancy with a sensitivity of 72.8%, a specificity of 67.5%, a positive predictive value of 77.8%, standard error of 0.02, and a confidence interval of 73.8- 81.7%. However, this relationship was not found in IUI cycles. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, if β-hCG levels 16 days after ET are below 278 IU/l, close follow-up is recommended, until either the diagnosis of EP or miscarriage is established. Royan Institute 2023 2023-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10189163/ /pubmed/37183844 http://dx.doi.org/10.22074/IJFS.2022.546087.1247 Text en Any use, distribution, reproduction or abstract of this publication in any medium, with the exception of commercial purposes, is permitted provided the original work is properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0) License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Hashemi, Seyedehhoura Arabipoor, Arezoo Kohestani, Solmaz Zolfaghari, Zahra Vesali, Samira Ghaffari, Firouzeh The Predictive Value of Serum ß-HCG Levels in The Detection of Ectopic Pregnancy Sixteen Days after Embryo Transfer: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title | The Predictive Value of Serum ß-HCG Levels in The Detection of
Ectopic Pregnancy Sixteen Days after Embryo Transfer:
A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_full | The Predictive Value of Serum ß-HCG Levels in The Detection of
Ectopic Pregnancy Sixteen Days after Embryo Transfer:
A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_fullStr | The Predictive Value of Serum ß-HCG Levels in The Detection of
Ectopic Pregnancy Sixteen Days after Embryo Transfer:
A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_full_unstemmed | The Predictive Value of Serum ß-HCG Levels in The Detection of
Ectopic Pregnancy Sixteen Days after Embryo Transfer:
A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_short | The Predictive Value of Serum ß-HCG Levels in The Detection of
Ectopic Pregnancy Sixteen Days after Embryo Transfer:
A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_sort | predictive value of serum ß-hcg levels in the detection of
ectopic pregnancy sixteen days after embryo transfer:
a cross-sectional study |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10189163/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37183844 http://dx.doi.org/10.22074/IJFS.2022.546087.1247 |
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