Engineering Bifunctional Calcium Alendronate Gene‐Delivery Nanoneedle for Synergistic Chemo/Immuno‐Therapy Against HER2 Positive Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with widespread peritoneal dissemination and ascites. Bispecific T‐cell engagers (BiTEs) have demonstrated impressive antitumor efficacy in hematological malignancies, but the clinical potency is limited by their short half‐life, inconvenient continuous intravenous infusion, and severe toxicity at relevant therapeutic levels in solid tumors. To address these critical issues, the design and engineering of alendronate calcium (CaALN) based gene‐delivery system is reported to express therapeutic level of BiTE (HER2×CD3) for efficient ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Controllable construction of CaALN nanosphere and nanoneedle is achieved by the simple and green coordination reactions that the distinct nanoneedle‐like alendronate calcium (CaALN‐N) with a high aspect ratio enabled efficient gene delivery to the peritoneum without system in vivo toxicity. Especially, CaALN‐N induced apoptosis of SKOV3‐luc cell via down‐regulation of HER2 signaling pathway and synergized with HER2×CD3 to generate high antitumor response. In vivo administration of CaALN‐N/minicircle DNA encoding HER2×CD3 (MC‐HER2×CD3) produces sustained therapeutic levels of BiTE and suppresses tumor growth in a human ovarian cancer xenograft model. Collectively, the engineered alendronate calcium nanoneedle represents a bifunctional gene delivery platform for the efficient and synergistic treatment of ovarian cancer.