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Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus

Insect body colors and patterns change markedly during development in some species as they adapt to their surroundings. The contribution of melanin and sclerotin pigments, both of which are synthesized from dopamine, to cuticle tanning has been well studied. Nevertheless, little is known about how i...

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Autores principales: Inoue, Shintaro, Watanabe, Takahito, Hamaguchi, Taiki, Ishimaru, Yoshiyasu, Miyawaki, Katsuyuki, Nikawa, Takeshi, Takahashi, Akira, Noji, Sumihare, Mito, Taro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10194958/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37200362
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285934
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author Inoue, Shintaro
Watanabe, Takahito
Hamaguchi, Taiki
Ishimaru, Yoshiyasu
Miyawaki, Katsuyuki
Nikawa, Takeshi
Takahashi, Akira
Noji, Sumihare
Mito, Taro
author_facet Inoue, Shintaro
Watanabe, Takahito
Hamaguchi, Taiki
Ishimaru, Yoshiyasu
Miyawaki, Katsuyuki
Nikawa, Takeshi
Takahashi, Akira
Noji, Sumihare
Mito, Taro
author_sort Inoue, Shintaro
collection PubMed
description Insect body colors and patterns change markedly during development in some species as they adapt to their surroundings. The contribution of melanin and sclerotin pigments, both of which are synthesized from dopamine, to cuticle tanning has been well studied. Nevertheless, little is known about how insects alter their body color patterns. To investigate this mechanism, the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, whose body color patterns change during postembryonic development, was used as a model in this study. We focused on the ebony and tan genes, which encode enzymes that catalyze the synthesis and degradation, respectively, of the precursor of yellow sclerotin N-β-alanyl dopamine (NBAD). Expression of the G. bimaculatus (Gb) ebony and tan transcripts tended to be elevated just after hatching and the molting period. We found that dynamic alterations in the combined expression levels of Gb’ebony and Gb’tan correlated with the body color transition from the nymphal stages to the adult. The body color of Gb’ebony knockout mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 systemically darkened. Meanwhile, Gb’tan knockout mutants displayed a yellow color in certain areas and stages. The phenotypes of the Gb’ebony and Gb’tan mutants probably result from an over-production of melanin and yellow sclerotin NBAD, respectively. Overall, stage-specific body color patterns in the postembryonic stages of the cricket are governed by the combinatorial expression of Gb’ebony and Gb’tan. Our findings provide insights into the mechanism by which insects evolve adaptive body coloration at each developmental stage.
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spelling pubmed-101949582023-05-19 Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus Inoue, Shintaro Watanabe, Takahito Hamaguchi, Taiki Ishimaru, Yoshiyasu Miyawaki, Katsuyuki Nikawa, Takeshi Takahashi, Akira Noji, Sumihare Mito, Taro PLoS One Research Article Insect body colors and patterns change markedly during development in some species as they adapt to their surroundings. The contribution of melanin and sclerotin pigments, both of which are synthesized from dopamine, to cuticle tanning has been well studied. Nevertheless, little is known about how insects alter their body color patterns. To investigate this mechanism, the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, whose body color patterns change during postembryonic development, was used as a model in this study. We focused on the ebony and tan genes, which encode enzymes that catalyze the synthesis and degradation, respectively, of the precursor of yellow sclerotin N-β-alanyl dopamine (NBAD). Expression of the G. bimaculatus (Gb) ebony and tan transcripts tended to be elevated just after hatching and the molting period. We found that dynamic alterations in the combined expression levels of Gb’ebony and Gb’tan correlated with the body color transition from the nymphal stages to the adult. The body color of Gb’ebony knockout mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 systemically darkened. Meanwhile, Gb’tan knockout mutants displayed a yellow color in certain areas and stages. The phenotypes of the Gb’ebony and Gb’tan mutants probably result from an over-production of melanin and yellow sclerotin NBAD, respectively. Overall, stage-specific body color patterns in the postembryonic stages of the cricket are governed by the combinatorial expression of Gb’ebony and Gb’tan. Our findings provide insights into the mechanism by which insects evolve adaptive body coloration at each developmental stage. Public Library of Science 2023-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10194958/ /pubmed/37200362 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285934 Text en © 2023 Inoue et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Inoue, Shintaro
Watanabe, Takahito
Hamaguchi, Taiki
Ishimaru, Yoshiyasu
Miyawaki, Katsuyuki
Nikawa, Takeshi
Takahashi, Akira
Noji, Sumihare
Mito, Taro
Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus
title Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus
title_full Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus
title_fullStr Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus
title_full_unstemmed Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus
title_short Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus
title_sort combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, gryllus bimaculatus
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10194958/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37200362
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285934
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