Cargando…
Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus
Insect body colors and patterns change markedly during development in some species as they adapt to their surroundings. The contribution of melanin and sclerotin pigments, both of which are synthesized from dopamine, to cuticle tanning has been well studied. Nevertheless, little is known about how i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10194958/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37200362 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285934 |
_version_ | 1785044127854886912 |
---|---|
author | Inoue, Shintaro Watanabe, Takahito Hamaguchi, Taiki Ishimaru, Yoshiyasu Miyawaki, Katsuyuki Nikawa, Takeshi Takahashi, Akira Noji, Sumihare Mito, Taro |
author_facet | Inoue, Shintaro Watanabe, Takahito Hamaguchi, Taiki Ishimaru, Yoshiyasu Miyawaki, Katsuyuki Nikawa, Takeshi Takahashi, Akira Noji, Sumihare Mito, Taro |
author_sort | Inoue, Shintaro |
collection | PubMed |
description | Insect body colors and patterns change markedly during development in some species as they adapt to their surroundings. The contribution of melanin and sclerotin pigments, both of which are synthesized from dopamine, to cuticle tanning has been well studied. Nevertheless, little is known about how insects alter their body color patterns. To investigate this mechanism, the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, whose body color patterns change during postembryonic development, was used as a model in this study. We focused on the ebony and tan genes, which encode enzymes that catalyze the synthesis and degradation, respectively, of the precursor of yellow sclerotin N-β-alanyl dopamine (NBAD). Expression of the G. bimaculatus (Gb) ebony and tan transcripts tended to be elevated just after hatching and the molting period. We found that dynamic alterations in the combined expression levels of Gb’ebony and Gb’tan correlated with the body color transition from the nymphal stages to the adult. The body color of Gb’ebony knockout mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 systemically darkened. Meanwhile, Gb’tan knockout mutants displayed a yellow color in certain areas and stages. The phenotypes of the Gb’ebony and Gb’tan mutants probably result from an over-production of melanin and yellow sclerotin NBAD, respectively. Overall, stage-specific body color patterns in the postembryonic stages of the cricket are governed by the combinatorial expression of Gb’ebony and Gb’tan. Our findings provide insights into the mechanism by which insects evolve adaptive body coloration at each developmental stage. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10194958 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101949582023-05-19 Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus Inoue, Shintaro Watanabe, Takahito Hamaguchi, Taiki Ishimaru, Yoshiyasu Miyawaki, Katsuyuki Nikawa, Takeshi Takahashi, Akira Noji, Sumihare Mito, Taro PLoS One Research Article Insect body colors and patterns change markedly during development in some species as they adapt to their surroundings. The contribution of melanin and sclerotin pigments, both of which are synthesized from dopamine, to cuticle tanning has been well studied. Nevertheless, little is known about how insects alter their body color patterns. To investigate this mechanism, the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, whose body color patterns change during postembryonic development, was used as a model in this study. We focused on the ebony and tan genes, which encode enzymes that catalyze the synthesis and degradation, respectively, of the precursor of yellow sclerotin N-β-alanyl dopamine (NBAD). Expression of the G. bimaculatus (Gb) ebony and tan transcripts tended to be elevated just after hatching and the molting period. We found that dynamic alterations in the combined expression levels of Gb’ebony and Gb’tan correlated with the body color transition from the nymphal stages to the adult. The body color of Gb’ebony knockout mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 systemically darkened. Meanwhile, Gb’tan knockout mutants displayed a yellow color in certain areas and stages. The phenotypes of the Gb’ebony and Gb’tan mutants probably result from an over-production of melanin and yellow sclerotin NBAD, respectively. Overall, stage-specific body color patterns in the postembryonic stages of the cricket are governed by the combinatorial expression of Gb’ebony and Gb’tan. Our findings provide insights into the mechanism by which insects evolve adaptive body coloration at each developmental stage. Public Library of Science 2023-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10194958/ /pubmed/37200362 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285934 Text en © 2023 Inoue et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Inoue, Shintaro Watanabe, Takahito Hamaguchi, Taiki Ishimaru, Yoshiyasu Miyawaki, Katsuyuki Nikawa, Takeshi Takahashi, Akira Noji, Sumihare Mito, Taro Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus |
title | Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus |
title_full | Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus |
title_fullStr | Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus |
title_full_unstemmed | Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus |
title_short | Combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus |
title_sort | combinatorial expression of ebony and tan generates body color variation from nymph through adult stages in the cricket, gryllus bimaculatus |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10194958/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37200362 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285934 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT inoueshintaro combinatorialexpressionofebonyandtangeneratesbodycolorvariationfromnymphthroughadultstagesinthecricketgryllusbimaculatus AT watanabetakahito combinatorialexpressionofebonyandtangeneratesbodycolorvariationfromnymphthroughadultstagesinthecricketgryllusbimaculatus AT hamaguchitaiki combinatorialexpressionofebonyandtangeneratesbodycolorvariationfromnymphthroughadultstagesinthecricketgryllusbimaculatus AT ishimaruyoshiyasu combinatorialexpressionofebonyandtangeneratesbodycolorvariationfromnymphthroughadultstagesinthecricketgryllusbimaculatus AT miyawakikatsuyuki combinatorialexpressionofebonyandtangeneratesbodycolorvariationfromnymphthroughadultstagesinthecricketgryllusbimaculatus AT nikawatakeshi combinatorialexpressionofebonyandtangeneratesbodycolorvariationfromnymphthroughadultstagesinthecricketgryllusbimaculatus AT takahashiakira combinatorialexpressionofebonyandtangeneratesbodycolorvariationfromnymphthroughadultstagesinthecricketgryllusbimaculatus AT nojisumihare combinatorialexpressionofebonyandtangeneratesbodycolorvariationfromnymphthroughadultstagesinthecricketgryllusbimaculatus AT mitotaro combinatorialexpressionofebonyandtangeneratesbodycolorvariationfromnymphthroughadultstagesinthecricketgryllusbimaculatus |