Recent advances in the efficient degradation of lignocellulosic metabolic networks by lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase: Advancing lignocellulose degradation with LPMOs

Along with long-term evolution, the plant cell wall generates lignocellulose and other anti-degradation barriers to confront hydrolysis by fungi. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) is a newly defined oxidase in lignocellulosic degradation systems that significantly fuels hydrolysis. LPMO accepts electrons from wide sources, such as cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH), glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductases, and small phenols. In addition, the extracellular cometabolic network formed by cosubstrates improves the degradation efficiency, forming a stable and efficient lignocellulose degradation system. In recent years, using structural proteomics to explore the internal structure and the complex redox system of LPMOs has become a research hotspot. In this review, the diversity of LPMOs, catalytic domains, carbohydrate binding modules, direct electron transfer with CDH, cosubstrates, and degradation networks of LPMOs are explored, which can provide a systematic reference for the application of lignocellulosic degradation systems in industrial approaches.