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Is TNF alpha a mediator in the co-existence of malaria and type 2 diabetes in a malaria endemic population?

Malaria remains a disease of public health importance globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria deaths reduced globally steadily between 2000-2019, however there was a 10% increase in 2020 due to disruptions in medical service during the COVID-19 pandemic. Globally, about 96% of malaria de...

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Autores principales: Ademola, Subulade A., Bamikole, Oluwayemi J., Amodu, Olukemi K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10196125/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37215099
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1028303
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author Ademola, Subulade A.
Bamikole, Oluwayemi J.
Amodu, Olukemi K.
author_facet Ademola, Subulade A.
Bamikole, Oluwayemi J.
Amodu, Olukemi K.
author_sort Ademola, Subulade A.
collection PubMed
description Malaria remains a disease of public health importance globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria deaths reduced globally steadily between 2000-2019, however there was a 10% increase in 2020 due to disruptions in medical service during the COVID-19 pandemic. Globally, about 96% of malaria deaths occurred in 29 countries; out of which, four countries (Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Niger, and the United Republic of Tanzania) accounted for just over half of the malaria deaths. Nigeria leads the four countries with the highest malaria deaths (accounting for 31% globally). Parallelly, sub-Saharan Africa is faced with a rise in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Until recently, T2D was a disease of adulthood and old age. However, this is changing as T2D in children and adolescents is becoming an increasingly important public health problem. Nigeria has been reported to have the highest burden of diabetes in Africa with a prevalence of 5.77% in the country. Several studies conducted in the last decade investigating the interaction between malaria and T2D in developing countries have led to the emergence of the intra-uterine hypothesis. The hypothesis has arisen as a possible explanation for the rise of T2D in malaria endemic areas; malaria in pregnancy could lead to intra-uterine stress which could contribute to low birth weight and may be a potential cause of T2D later in life. Hence, previous, and continuous exposure to malaria infection leads to a higher risk of T2D. Current and emerging evidence suggests that an inflammation-mediated link exists between malaria and eventual T2D emergence. The inflammatory process thus, is an important link for the co-existence of malaria and T2D because these two diseases are inflammatory-related. A key feature of T2D is systemic inflammation, characterized by the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) which leads to impaired insulin signaling. Malaria infection is an inflammatory disease in which TNF-α also plays a major role. TNF-α plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of malaria and T2D. We therefore hypothesize that TNF-α is an important link in the increasing co-existence of T2D.
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spelling pubmed-101961252023-05-20 Is TNF alpha a mediator in the co-existence of malaria and type 2 diabetes in a malaria endemic population? Ademola, Subulade A. Bamikole, Oluwayemi J. Amodu, Olukemi K. Front Immunol Immunology Malaria remains a disease of public health importance globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria deaths reduced globally steadily between 2000-2019, however there was a 10% increase in 2020 due to disruptions in medical service during the COVID-19 pandemic. Globally, about 96% of malaria deaths occurred in 29 countries; out of which, four countries (Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Niger, and the United Republic of Tanzania) accounted for just over half of the malaria deaths. Nigeria leads the four countries with the highest malaria deaths (accounting for 31% globally). Parallelly, sub-Saharan Africa is faced with a rise in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Until recently, T2D was a disease of adulthood and old age. However, this is changing as T2D in children and adolescents is becoming an increasingly important public health problem. Nigeria has been reported to have the highest burden of diabetes in Africa with a prevalence of 5.77% in the country. Several studies conducted in the last decade investigating the interaction between malaria and T2D in developing countries have led to the emergence of the intra-uterine hypothesis. The hypothesis has arisen as a possible explanation for the rise of T2D in malaria endemic areas; malaria in pregnancy could lead to intra-uterine stress which could contribute to low birth weight and may be a potential cause of T2D later in life. Hence, previous, and continuous exposure to malaria infection leads to a higher risk of T2D. Current and emerging evidence suggests that an inflammation-mediated link exists between malaria and eventual T2D emergence. The inflammatory process thus, is an important link for the co-existence of malaria and T2D because these two diseases are inflammatory-related. A key feature of T2D is systemic inflammation, characterized by the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) which leads to impaired insulin signaling. Malaria infection is an inflammatory disease in which TNF-α also plays a major role. TNF-α plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of malaria and T2D. We therefore hypothesize that TNF-α is an important link in the increasing co-existence of T2D. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10196125/ /pubmed/37215099 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1028303 Text en Copyright © 2023 Ademola, Bamikole and Amodu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Ademola, Subulade A.
Bamikole, Oluwayemi J.
Amodu, Olukemi K.
Is TNF alpha a mediator in the co-existence of malaria and type 2 diabetes in a malaria endemic population?
title Is TNF alpha a mediator in the co-existence of malaria and type 2 diabetes in a malaria endemic population?
title_full Is TNF alpha a mediator in the co-existence of malaria and type 2 diabetes in a malaria endemic population?
title_fullStr Is TNF alpha a mediator in the co-existence of malaria and type 2 diabetes in a malaria endemic population?
title_full_unstemmed Is TNF alpha a mediator in the co-existence of malaria and type 2 diabetes in a malaria endemic population?
title_short Is TNF alpha a mediator in the co-existence of malaria and type 2 diabetes in a malaria endemic population?
title_sort is tnf alpha a mediator in the co-existence of malaria and type 2 diabetes in a malaria endemic population?
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10196125/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37215099
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1028303
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