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Comparison of different methods used in drugs of abuse for sample validity testing including pH methods, specific gravity methods, TECO™ Drug Adulteration Test Strip and oxidant assay
OBJECTIVES: In the absence of sample validity testing, a healthcare provider may fail to identify a patient’s adulteration of their urine sample. This study compared different methods for specific gravity (SG), pH, TECO™ Drug Adulteration Test Strip (dipstick) and oxidant assay to explain the differ...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
De Gruyter
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10197345/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37360899 http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/almed-2021-0026 |
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author | Mina, Ashraf Stathopoulos, John Sinanian, Taveet McNeice, Leah Holmes, Deirdre Fletcher, Kristi-Lee Bottero, Emily Banukumar, Shanmugam Vazquez, Santiago |
author_facet | Mina, Ashraf Stathopoulos, John Sinanian, Taveet McNeice, Leah Holmes, Deirdre Fletcher, Kristi-Lee Bottero, Emily Banukumar, Shanmugam Vazquez, Santiago |
author_sort | Mina, Ashraf |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: In the absence of sample validity testing, a healthcare provider may fail to identify a patient’s adulteration of their urine sample. This study compared different methods for specific gravity (SG), pH, TECO™ Drug Adulteration Test Strip (dipstick) and oxidant assay to explain the differences and also make an informative decision on method selection. METHODS: Creatinine, SG and pH measurements are essential in sample validity testing. SG and pH automated chemical methods are compared against pH meter method, SG refractometer and dipstick method. Also, oxidant assay was compared against dipstick method. RESULTS: SG chemical method agreement with refractometer is 81.9% and with dipstick method is 64.7%. The refractometer method agreement with dipstick method is 66.1%. pH chemical method agreement with pH Meter method is 74.3% and with dipstick method is 81.4%. pH meter method agreement is 85.7% with dipstick method. Results were analysed using Deming regression analysis and F-test. SG chemical method correlated better with refractometer than the dipstick method. Oxidant assay correlated well with dipstick method in detecting adulterants such as pyridinium chlorochromate, nitrite and bleach. CONCLUSIONS: Varying degrees of differences were seen in the SG and pH measurements. These differences were both method and instrument dependent. The automated chemical methods are recommended alongside oxidant assay for consistency, accuracy and faster turn-around time as part of sample validity testing for drugs of abuse. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10197345 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | De Gruyter |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101973452023-06-23 Comparison of different methods used in drugs of abuse for sample validity testing including pH methods, specific gravity methods, TECO™ Drug Adulteration Test Strip and oxidant assay Mina, Ashraf Stathopoulos, John Sinanian, Taveet McNeice, Leah Holmes, Deirdre Fletcher, Kristi-Lee Bottero, Emily Banukumar, Shanmugam Vazquez, Santiago Adv Lab Med Article OBJECTIVES: In the absence of sample validity testing, a healthcare provider may fail to identify a patient’s adulteration of their urine sample. This study compared different methods for specific gravity (SG), pH, TECO™ Drug Adulteration Test Strip (dipstick) and oxidant assay to explain the differences and also make an informative decision on method selection. METHODS: Creatinine, SG and pH measurements are essential in sample validity testing. SG and pH automated chemical methods are compared against pH meter method, SG refractometer and dipstick method. Also, oxidant assay was compared against dipstick method. RESULTS: SG chemical method agreement with refractometer is 81.9% and with dipstick method is 64.7%. The refractometer method agreement with dipstick method is 66.1%. pH chemical method agreement with pH Meter method is 74.3% and with dipstick method is 81.4%. pH meter method agreement is 85.7% with dipstick method. Results were analysed using Deming regression analysis and F-test. SG chemical method correlated better with refractometer than the dipstick method. Oxidant assay correlated well with dipstick method in detecting adulterants such as pyridinium chlorochromate, nitrite and bleach. CONCLUSIONS: Varying degrees of differences were seen in the SG and pH measurements. These differences were both method and instrument dependent. The automated chemical methods are recommended alongside oxidant assay for consistency, accuracy and faster turn-around time as part of sample validity testing for drugs of abuse. De Gruyter 2021-06-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10197345/ /pubmed/37360899 http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/almed-2021-0026 Text en © 2021 Ashraf Mina et al., published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
spellingShingle | Article Mina, Ashraf Stathopoulos, John Sinanian, Taveet McNeice, Leah Holmes, Deirdre Fletcher, Kristi-Lee Bottero, Emily Banukumar, Shanmugam Vazquez, Santiago Comparison of different methods used in drugs of abuse for sample validity testing including pH methods, specific gravity methods, TECO™ Drug Adulteration Test Strip and oxidant assay |
title | Comparison of different methods used in drugs of abuse for sample validity testing including pH methods, specific gravity methods, TECO™ Drug Adulteration Test Strip and oxidant assay |
title_full | Comparison of different methods used in drugs of abuse for sample validity testing including pH methods, specific gravity methods, TECO™ Drug Adulteration Test Strip and oxidant assay |
title_fullStr | Comparison of different methods used in drugs of abuse for sample validity testing including pH methods, specific gravity methods, TECO™ Drug Adulteration Test Strip and oxidant assay |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of different methods used in drugs of abuse for sample validity testing including pH methods, specific gravity methods, TECO™ Drug Adulteration Test Strip and oxidant assay |
title_short | Comparison of different methods used in drugs of abuse for sample validity testing including pH methods, specific gravity methods, TECO™ Drug Adulteration Test Strip and oxidant assay |
title_sort | comparison of different methods used in drugs of abuse for sample validity testing including ph methods, specific gravity methods, teco™ drug adulteration test strip and oxidant assay |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10197345/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37360899 http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/almed-2021-0026 |
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