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Origanum majorana L. protects against neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment: a phyto-pharmacological study

BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are critical players in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which is responsible for most cases of dementia in the elderly. With the lack of curative treatments, natural phenolics are potential c...

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Autores principales: Wagdy, Reham, Abdel-Kader, Reham M., El-Khatib, Ahmed H., Linscheid, Michael W., Handoussa, Heba, Hamdi, Nabila
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10199469/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37210483
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-03994-x
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author Wagdy, Reham
Abdel-Kader, Reham M.
El-Khatib, Ahmed H.
Linscheid, Michael W.
Handoussa, Heba
Hamdi, Nabila
author_facet Wagdy, Reham
Abdel-Kader, Reham M.
El-Khatib, Ahmed H.
Linscheid, Michael W.
Handoussa, Heba
Hamdi, Nabila
author_sort Wagdy, Reham
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are critical players in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which is responsible for most cases of dementia in the elderly. With the lack of curative treatments, natural phenolics are potential candidates to delay the onset and progression of such age-related disorders due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims at assessing the phytochemical characteristics of Origanum majorana L. (OM) hydroalcohol extract and its neuroprotective activities in a murine neuroinflammatory model. METHODS: OM phytochemical analysis was done by HPLC/PDA/ESI-MS(n). Oxidative stress was induced in vitro by hydrogen peroxide and cell viability was measured using WST-1 assay. Swiss albino mice were injected intraperitoneally with OM extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 12 days and with 250 μg/kg LPS daily starting from day 6 to induce neuroinflammation. Cognitive functions were assessed by novel object recognition and Y-maze behavioral tests. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess the degree of neurodegeneration in the brain. Reactive astrogliosis and inflammation were assessed by immunohistochemistry using GFAP and COX-2 antibodies, respectively. RESULTS: OM is rich in phenolics, with rosmarinic acid and its derivatives being major constituents. OM extract and rosmarinic acid significantly protected microglial cells against oxidative stress-induced cell death (p < 0.001). OM protected against the LPS-induced alteration of recognition and spatial memory in mice (p < 0.001) and (p < 0.05), respectively. Mice that received OM extract prior to the induction of neuroinflammation showed comparable histology to control brains, with no overt neurodegeneration. Furthermore, OM pre-treatment decreased the immunohistochemistry profiler score of GFAP from positive to low positive and COX-2 from low positive to negative in the brain tissue, compared to the LPS group. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the potential preventive effects of OM phenolics against neuroinflammation and pave the way toward drug discovery and development for neurodegenerative disorders.
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spelling pubmed-101994692023-05-21 Origanum majorana L. protects against neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment: a phyto-pharmacological study Wagdy, Reham Abdel-Kader, Reham M. El-Khatib, Ahmed H. Linscheid, Michael W. Handoussa, Heba Hamdi, Nabila BMC Complement Med Ther Research Article BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are critical players in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which is responsible for most cases of dementia in the elderly. With the lack of curative treatments, natural phenolics are potential candidates to delay the onset and progression of such age-related disorders due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims at assessing the phytochemical characteristics of Origanum majorana L. (OM) hydroalcohol extract and its neuroprotective activities in a murine neuroinflammatory model. METHODS: OM phytochemical analysis was done by HPLC/PDA/ESI-MS(n). Oxidative stress was induced in vitro by hydrogen peroxide and cell viability was measured using WST-1 assay. Swiss albino mice were injected intraperitoneally with OM extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 12 days and with 250 μg/kg LPS daily starting from day 6 to induce neuroinflammation. Cognitive functions were assessed by novel object recognition and Y-maze behavioral tests. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess the degree of neurodegeneration in the brain. Reactive astrogliosis and inflammation were assessed by immunohistochemistry using GFAP and COX-2 antibodies, respectively. RESULTS: OM is rich in phenolics, with rosmarinic acid and its derivatives being major constituents. OM extract and rosmarinic acid significantly protected microglial cells against oxidative stress-induced cell death (p < 0.001). OM protected against the LPS-induced alteration of recognition and spatial memory in mice (p < 0.001) and (p < 0.05), respectively. Mice that received OM extract prior to the induction of neuroinflammation showed comparable histology to control brains, with no overt neurodegeneration. Furthermore, OM pre-treatment decreased the immunohistochemistry profiler score of GFAP from positive to low positive and COX-2 from low positive to negative in the brain tissue, compared to the LPS group. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the potential preventive effects of OM phenolics against neuroinflammation and pave the way toward drug discovery and development for neurodegenerative disorders. BioMed Central 2023-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10199469/ /pubmed/37210483 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-03994-x Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wagdy, Reham
Abdel-Kader, Reham M.
El-Khatib, Ahmed H.
Linscheid, Michael W.
Handoussa, Heba
Hamdi, Nabila
Origanum majorana L. protects against neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment: a phyto-pharmacological study
title Origanum majorana L. protects against neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment: a phyto-pharmacological study
title_full Origanum majorana L. protects against neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment: a phyto-pharmacological study
title_fullStr Origanum majorana L. protects against neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment: a phyto-pharmacological study
title_full_unstemmed Origanum majorana L. protects against neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment: a phyto-pharmacological study
title_short Origanum majorana L. protects against neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment: a phyto-pharmacological study
title_sort origanum majorana l. protects against neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment: a phyto-pharmacological study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10199469/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37210483
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-03994-x
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